Social Assistance or Political Participation?Father Thomas Megan'S Activities during the Second Sino-Japanese War

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基本資料

Project title

Code/計畫編號

MOST107-2410-H019-002

Translated Name/計畫中文名

社會救助或政治參與?抗戰時期的米幹神父

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Huey-Fang Wu

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Institute of Oceanic Culture

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=12675606

Year

2018

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2018

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-07-2019

Bugetid/研究經費

613千元

ResearchField/研究領域

歷史

屬愛爾蘭裔美籍的米幹神父(Fr. Thomas Megan, 1899-1951)為天主教聖言會(Societas Verbi Divini, 簡稱SVD)會士，1926年於美國芝加哥泰克尼(Techny)晉鐸後即赴中國傳教，首先在河南南部的信陽傳教區工作十年(1926-1936)，輔佐法樂維神父(Fr. Georg Fröwis, 1865-1934)與史培祿主教(Bishop Hermann Schoppelrey, 1876-1940)；1936年被任命為河南北部新鄉傳教區首任監牧(Apostolic Prefect)後轉往該區福傳，直至1948年返回美國為止，其負責聖言會此一新傳教區近十二年。惟米幹神父擔任新鄉監牧次年(1937) 即面臨中國對日抗戰，再過四年(1941) ，又因珍珠港事件爆發，被迫離開為日軍占領的新鄉傳教區，流離顛沛於國民政府統治下的華北、華中等地，直至抗戰結束(1945)乃得重返其傳教區；然不久遭遇國共內戰局面，且由於長期戰亂影響，新鄉傳教區出現嚴重財務問題，於是，身為監牧的米幹神父必須親自回美以解決困境，未料在美國接獲羅馬教廷以涉入軍政事務為由，不准其再回到中國之訊息；最後，米幹神父於1949年至美國南方密西西比(Mississippi)州的非裔堂區服務，兩年後(1951)因病亡故，葬於聖言會南方省會墓園。本研究計畫實關注米幹神父在抗戰時期(1937-1945)的各式活動，特別是其離開新鄉傳教區，輾轉於國民政府統治範圍內實際參與之各項事務，這些事務與後來羅馬教廷不准其再回到中國的關係如何?米幹神父涉入這些活動的真正目的為何?又其與以往或同時代神職人員——前者如安治泰主教(Bishop Johann Anzer, 1851-1905)，後者如雷鳴遠神父(Fr. Vincent Lebbe, 1877-1940)、于斌主教(Bishop Paul Yu-Pin, 1901-1978)——之涉入軍政事務作為相較有何異同?筆者期望透過此一課題之深入探討，不僅釐清相關史實，更欲針對傳教士作為與世俗社會界線、戰爭時期之政教關係等重要議題加以剖析說明。The Irish-American Father Thomas M. Megan (1899–1951) was a member of the Society of the Divine Word (Societas Verbi Divini; SVD). After he was ordained in Techny, Illinois, in the United States in 1926 he was sent to China to perform missionary work. He first worked at a mission in Sinyang, southern Henan Province, for 10 years (1926–1936), assisting Father Georg Frowis (1865–1934) and Bishop Hermann Schoppelrey (1876–1940). In 1936, he was appointed apostolic prefect of the Sinsiang mission in northern Henan Province and moved to that area to continue his evangelization work until his return to the United States in 1948. He was responsible for this new mission of the SVD for almost 12 years. During the second year of Fr. Megan's prefecture at Sinsiang (1937), he experienced the Second Sino-Japanese War. After a further 4 years (1941), the Pearl Harbor incident occurred and he was forced to leave the Sinsiang mission, which was occupied by Japanese troops. Destitute, he wandered throughout northern and central China, which was under the rule of the Nationalist government, and did not return to the mission until the end of the war (1945). Not long after, however, he was faced with the situation of the Chinese Civil War. Because of the impact of prolonged war, the Sinsiang mission had serious financial problems. Therefore, as its prefect, Father Megan was required to personally return to the United States to solve the mission's finances. Unexpectedly, he received information from the Roman Holy See, while in the United States, that, due to his involvement in military and political affairs, he was not permitted to return to China. Thus, Father Megan in 1949 served instead in an African-America parish in the state of Mississippi, in the southern United States. Two years later (1951), he passed away due to illness and was buried in the cemetery of the Southern Province of the SVD. This research project focused on the various activities of Father Megan during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), especially during the time when he left the Sinsiang mission and traveled from place to place within the administration of the Nationalist government, participating in various affairs. The relation of these affairs to the Holy See's later prohibition of him from returning to China and the true purpose behind his involvement in these affairs are questions that are discussed in this paper. Another point of discussion is the differences that exist in a comparison of Father Megan's involvement in military and political affairs with those of other past clergy, such as Bishop Johann Anzer (1851–1905), or contemporary clergy, such as Father Vincent Lebbe (1877–1940) and Bishop Paul Yu-Pin (1901–1978). The author hopes that an in-depth discussion of this topic can not only clarify the relevant historical facts, but also further analyze and explain crucial topics such as missionary's role in-between secular and religious worlds and the political and religious relationships during times of war.

Keyword(s)

天主教聖言會
教會史
二戰時期
督導團
政教關係
中美特種技術合作所
Societas Verbi Divini
church history
Period of World War II
supervision teams
political and religious relationshipsSino-American Cooperative Organization (SACO)

DSpace CRIS

Social Assistance or Political Participation?Father Thomas Megan'S Activities during the Second Sino-Japanese War

基本資料

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