Genetic Structure of Masu Slamon in Taiwan and Sakhalin

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基本資料

Project title

Code/計畫編號

MOST103-2923-B019-002-MY3

Translated Name/計畫中文名

棲息於台灣與庫頁島櫻鮭的遺傳結構

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Jin-Chywan Gwo

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Department of Aquaculture

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=11281806

Year

2015

Start date/計畫起

01-01-2015

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-12-2015

Bugetid/研究經費

600千元

ResearchField/研究領域

生物科學

"櫻鮭家族有四個亞種：櫻鮭、石川鮭、琵琶鮭和台灣鮭魚。河川型的台灣鮭魚只分佈於台灣大甲溪上游，是鮭科魚類分佈的最南限。櫻鮭家族的分類及命名一直爭議不斷，因為這四櫻鮭亞種的外部形態與生態特徵相似。其中，台灣鮭魚光其學名就更改過5次。台灣鮭魚極度近交，棲地侷限、族群數量稀少。台灣政府在1984 年將其列為瀕危物種後，急需定義其演化單元以保護殘存之族群。台灣鮭魚的學名及分類地位過去根據其外部型態、計數形質、粒線體DNA 與精子微細構造而定。在比較七個太平洋鮭屬物種的25 個計數與測量形質後，研究者認為單獨以此形質無法闡明台灣鮭魚的系統關係。利用分子標記可能有助於釐清台灣鮭魚為櫻鮭家族的一個亞種或只是櫻鮭的地域族群。然而，微衛星DNA 及粒線體控制區域序列的研究仍無法釐清四個亞種的親緣關係。我們用數個分子標記(AFLP、生長荷爾蒙基因序列、粒線體全序列及性別標記)，比較三個太平洋鮭魚－虹鱒, 樺太鮭和櫻鮭及櫻鮭家族四個亞種時，證明AFLP 及性別標記技術可以有效解開四個亞種間的系統發生關係。有鑑於俄國也有原生種的櫻鮭，因此我們欲研究俄國遠東地區原生種的櫻鮭其分子背景和計數形質並與台灣鮭魚比較，以進一步釐清台灣鮭魚的起源與櫻鮭家族間的演化關係。 " "The cherry or masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) is confined to Asian rivers and coastal marinewaters. The four known extant subspecies of the O. masou complex (the cherry salmon complex) are Masu (O. masou masou), Amago (O. masou ishikawae), Biwa (O. masou subsp.) and the Formosa landlocked salmon (O. masou formosanus). The fluvial Formosa landlocked salmon is found only in the head waters of the Tachia River, Taiwan. This is the southernmost limit of the distribution range of salmonids. Historically, the taxonomy and nomenclature of the O. masou complex has been greatly debated, in part because of the similar morphological and ecological traits shared by all four masu salmon subspecies. The scientific name and systematic position of the Formosa landlocked salmon has been especially contested. In fact, its scientific name has been changed five times to date. Formosa landlocked salmon is a highly inbred population. Because it was listed as endangered by the Taiwan Government in 1984, defining the evolutionary unit in this species has become urgent to protect the remaining population. The scientific name and taxonomic position of the Formosa landlocked salmon is based on morphology and meristics, on analysis of mt DNA, or on sperm ultrastructure. After comparing 25 meristic and morphometric characters of seven Oncorhynchus species, researchers concluded that morphometric and meristic counts alone are insufficient to clarify the phylogeny of the Formosa landlocked salmon. Further research in genetics, using molecular markers, may help to elucidate whether the Formosa landlocked salmon is one distinct subspecies of O. masou complex, or merely a separated local population of masu salmon (O. masou masou). However, studies using several microsatellite DNA loci and mitochondrial control region sequences have failed to resolve relationships among the four subspecies of the cherry salmon complex. It is obvious that genetic studies of the Taiwan landlocked form of cherry salmon must be continued. As a rule, such isolated on the border of the area of population are of interest as the independent evolutionary units, potentially capable of forming new species. Moreover, since this population is found for the face of disappearance, the establishment of genetic relationship with other forms, is required for retaining the form if necessary of an increase in the genetic variability. In the Far East of Russia there are many of native populations of anadromous cherry salmon, but many are found in the depression. We are planning to study meristic characters, molecular background from a native cherry salmon in Russia and compare to those of Formosa landlocked salmon to further elucidate the origin of Formosa landlocked salmon, the phylogeography of cherry salmon and the evolutionary tree of cherry salmon complex. Our previous results demonstrated that the AFLP and sex marker techniques are indeed useful to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among masu salmon subspecies. Comparative genetic analysis with the use of nuclear and mitochondrial genes will make it possible to refine the phylogeographic history of the origin of a form and subspecies, to reconstruct the evolutionary tree of the O. masou complex."

Keyword(s)

鮭科魚類
分子標記
台灣鮭魚
俄國
演化
salmonid
molecular marker
Formosa salmon
Russia
evolution

DSpace CRIS

Genetic Structure of Masu Slamon in Taiwan and Sakhalin

基本資料

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