Biomarker Fingerprinting and Source Identification of Marine Petroleum Related Hydrocarbon Pollution in the North Coast, Taiwan

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Project title

Code/計畫編號

MOST106-2116-M019-006

Translated Name/計畫中文名

運用生物指標化合物鑑定台灣北海岸石油及其碳氫化合物污染源

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Ying-Ju Chang

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Institute of Earth Sciences

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=12245162

Year

2017

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2017

Expected Completion/計畫迄

01-07-2018

Bugetid/研究經費

680千元

ResearchField/研究領域

地球科學

"海上油運的篷勃發展，石油開採及其開發、煉製、貯運和使用的過程中，都將直接或間接的造成環境的污染，其中又以突發性的海洋溢油事件，所造成之生態影響最為嚴重，因此，正視海洋環境之有機污染潛在危機，除了溢油事件發生後之整治處理，對於平時之污染源監測，進而建立海上漏油污染鑑識技術則更為積極重要。在石油探勘界中，是以地球化學分析進行石油來源的鑑定，進而找出生油源岩。其方法是利用有機物之主要碳架構(Carbon skeleton)在歷經深埋後仍能保持原狀，因此可藉由碳架構推斷原來有機物的種類及來源，這些有機化合物稱之為生物指標化合物(Biomarkers)。相同的概念，可應用於環境漏油污染事件和沉積物中有機質來源之鑑識，利用海洋沉積物中之生物指標或脂類標誌物(lipid markers)具有抗風化、不易被微生物降解的特性，能夠良好地保留來源物質的生物化學特徵，是絕佳的有機物來源的追蹤劑，其組成成份與分佈特徵能反映海洋生態環境的狀況。本計畫將針對臺灣北海岸之有機沉積物進行系統性地化學指紋(Chemical Fingerprint)與生物指標(Biomarkers)、多環芳香烴化合物(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)型態鑑定與來源分析研究，運用有機物之指紋圖譜配合具來源意義之生物指標特徵因子比值，能夠建立海域環境法醫鑑定資料庫，同時能瞭解有海洋沉積物中之有機質之來源和傳播模式，瞭解其在海水和沉積物中的分布和殘留狀況，本研究能提供以往之無機沉積研究的另一項佐證，亦能提供海港油品洩漏事件之溯源驗證。此外，本計畫將在實驗室架設高溫水熱式鑽石砧暨光譜分析儀，提供一更加快速、便捷的分析方法，亦能進行環境上的風化與菌蝕實驗監測，以獲得即時影像和光譜數據，對於油的反應動力學，提供良好的參考。" "Oil spill pollution which persists globally in the marine environment, in inland waters across the world or in soils where oil is transported. It continues to grow at an alarming rate with increased levels of oil production and transport. Its causes are either accidental or due to operation wherever oil is produced, transported, stored and used on sea or land. Understanding the fate and transport of spilled crude oil in marine environments is an important environmental management problem. When the oil pollution incident happens, the essential action is to identify the properties of the oil, and provides the crucial information of remediation and rehabilitation. The application of oil spill identification technology is to search for types of pollutants, what is the sources, when does the spill occur, how did it happen, how the scope of the spill, and the risk of people exposed to the pollution, etc. Biomarkers are one of the most important hydrocarbon groups in petroleum. Relative to other hydrocarbon groups in oil such as alkanes and most aromatic compounds, biomarkers are more degradation-resistant in the environment. Biomarkers were accumulated as the oil was formed from formerly living organisms whose organic materials were preserved within source rocks over geologic times. The composition of biomarkers in crude oils can vary widely, depending primarily on the source and geological conditions of the reservoir. Biomarkers formed under different geological conditions and ages may exhibit different biomarker fingerprints. Their resistance to weathering allows them to be used as conservative markers, and they are often referred to as ‘molecular fossils’. Therefore biomarkers like terpanes and steranes contained in alkanes, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) analytical technologies are widely used in oil spill identification. In addition, successful forensic investigation and analysis of oil and refined product hydrocarbons in contaminated sites and receptors yield a wealth of chemical fingerprinting data. It is the most effective method for identification of the source by comparison of the diagnostic ratios of biomarker and related chemical fingerprinting. In this work, we used a GC/MS method, run in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, for biomarker fingerprinting and quantification. This study was, therefore, to analyze the variability in the concentration and composition of biomarkers and PAHs in plastic pellets in sandy beach sediments. Field samples were processed using a rapid cleanup procedure and were analyzed for hopanes and steranes. In addition, steranes profiles in source oil and several field samples were also fingerprinted. Additionally, the toxic potential of marine organisms of PAHs adsorbed on the pellets is discussed, and the possible sources of hydrocarbon pollution in the study area are suggested."

Keyword(s)

化學指紋
生物指標
烴污染
環境法醫
溢油
chemical fingerprint
biomarker
hydrocarbon pollution
environmental Forensics
oil spill

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Biomarker Fingerprinting and Source Identification of Marine Petroleum Related Hydrocarbon Pollution in the North Coast, Taiwan

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