Climate-Induced Primary Productivity Change and Fishing Impacts on the Taiwan Bank Ecosystem(Ⅱ)

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Project title

Code/計畫編號

MOST108-2611-M019-007

Translated Name/計畫中文名

環境變遷對台灣淺灘(Taiwan Bank)湧昇區周邊水域生態動力特性影響之研究 (Ⅱ)-子計畫：環境變遷對台灣淺堆湧升區附近水域仔稚魚分布生態之影響

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Kuo-Wei Lan

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Science

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=13117263

Year

2019

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2019

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-07-2020

Bugetid/研究經費

1085千元

ResearchField/研究領域

海洋科學

台灣淺灘周邊水域隨季節推移帶來不同水系及生物資源，而在全球變遷效應下，研究海域內的湧昇區勢力強弱改變及周邊環境變遷趨勢有賴於長期且定期的觀測資料。本計劃目標為研究海域內環境包容力與海洋生物組成及豐度變化特性，除了解析氣候變遷下海洋環境變化對研究海域水族動態的影響，更是研究與串連微生物循環及攝食食物鏈間的環節，可提供海洋生態系動態模式進行建立所需之攝食能階參數及食物網模式參數之評估。本年度研究內容利用營養位階能量傳遞的觀念，將漁業捕撈量轉化為基礎生產力需求量 (Primary Production Required，PPR)，可視該海域魚類資源結構之重要指標，同時收集台灣淺灘週邊海域漁獲資料與海洋環境資料，計算底層性與表層性魚類之PPR與海表溫湧升指數等加值分析，探討湧升區、鋒面區和非湧升區三種生態系統的環境變動與PPR變化之關係。分析結果顯示夏季台灣ㄒ淺灘捕獲之表層性魚種佔總漁獲 69%，以鯖科，鰺科，日本竹筴魚，小鱗脂眼鯡為主，底棲性則以眼眶魚，鎖管科為主，而海洋環境則是以6月湧升強度最強，9月最弱。利用泛加成模式建立三種生態系統之魚類資源結構與環境因子影響模式，結果顯示以鋒面區表層PPR解釋率最高(28.5%)，定棲物種於三種生態棲地皆與NPP具最高解釋率，且可能存在延遲之效應，而表層性物種PPR則主要與氣候變異指數有關，其中又以Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI)在湧升區的單一解釋率為最高。比較反聖嬰年 (2011年)與聖嬰年(2016)海洋環境與PPR變動關係顯示，反聖嬰年台灣淺灘西北部SST較低、NPP較高的情形，使得表層PPR受湧升強弱與環境因子變動影響而具有增加的情形。整體而言，本海域基礎生產力與湧升流強度變化為影響魚類資源結構之重要指標，在湧升區以表層物種為主，並受ENSO事件影響，非湧升區表層性與定棲性物種多樣性較最高，鋒面區為湧升區與非湧升區之交界，在台灣淺灘西北部之鋒面區受ENSO事件影響最大。This study used the concept of energy transfer in trophic level to convert fishing catches into primary production required (PPR). PPR was used as an important indicator of the fish resource structure. The fishery data and marine environment data around the Taiwan Bank were collected and calculated the PPR of pelagic and benthic species, and sea surface temperature (SST) upwelling index to explore the variation between environment and PPR in three ecosystems (upwelling, frontal and non-upwelling area). The results show that the pelagic species provided 69% of total catch in summer, mainly lead by Scomberidae, Carangidae, Trachurus japonicus and Etrumeus micropus., while benthic were dominated by Mene maculate and Loliginidae. The upwelling intensity is strongest in June and the weakest in September. The Generalized Additive Model was used to establish the fish resource structure and environmental factor impact models of the three ecosystems. The results show the highest deviance explained (28.5%) was occurred in the front area, and primary productivity was the mainly factor of the benthic PPR with highest deviance explained in three ecosystems, and suggested had a delay effected. The pelagic PPR is mainly related to climate index of Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) and has the highest single deviance explained in upwelling area. Comparing the relationship between the marine environment and PPR variation in the La Nina year (2011) and El Nino year (2016) shows that the lower SST and higher NPP in the northwestern part of Taiwan Bank makes the pelagic PPR increased in La Nina year.Overall, the primary productivity and upwelling intensity are important indicators affecting the structure of fish resources in study area. The upwelling area is dominated by pelagic species and affected by the ENSO event. In non-upwelling areas, the diversity of pelagic and benthic species are highest than other ecosystems. The frontal area is the boundary of upwelling and non-upwelling ecosystems, and the northwestern areas are most affected by the ENSO event.

Keyword(s)

台灣淺灘
基礎生產力
基礎生產力需求量
漁業資源結構
Taiwan Bank
Primary productivity
Primary productivity required
Community structure of fishery resources

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Climate-Induced Primary Productivity Change and Fishing Impacts on the Taiwan Bank Ecosystem(Ⅱ)

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