Abstract
<b>細部計畫0:機能性雞肝水解物商業製程改善與安定性評估</b>根據農委會統計資料指出肉雞屠宰後雞肝初估約有11,600公噸。然而雞肝由於味道與膽固醇含量，常使得農民與農政單位對這些副產物該如何去化利用傷透腦筋。近年來台灣人類與哺乳類伴侶動物保健食品的市場每年分別約有1,400億、50億台幣商機。在106~109年度計畫中已經確認雞肝水解物在高脂飲食下確實具有減少體脂肪堆積功效，而讓原料的商業製備過程確認並確認其保存過程中的安定性(功效成分與功效變化)對未來將其開發成健康食品原料與使用量是有其必要性。本年度計畫主要在水解過程中雜質去除步驟的簡化，同時針對生產之水解物於儲藏過程中品質的安定性也是未來原料生產過程中必須確認的。
<b>細部計畫0:豬隻結締組織副產物之水解功能性胜肽原料應用於動物保健產品之開發</b>寵物的免疫功能和人類相近，過敏反應是近期較著重的保健議題，而寵物常見的過敏議題以異位性皮膚炎最受關注。近年來小分子寡肽應用在相關疾病的預防與治療上，有長足的發展而受到關注，畜產品除供人類食品使用外，在屠宰與加工製程中常有廉價副產品產生。台灣地區豬隻屠宰後，其副產物就占了60%，包含了血液、內臟和毛皮等，其中內臟多為生鮮狀態出售利用，然而胸腔內臟包含食道、橫隔膜肌、氣管、肺臟、頭部、舌頭、豬皮和豬腦皆為少人食用。膠原纖維、彈性纖維和血管組織等就合稱為結締組織，包括膠原蛋白、彈性蛋白、角質蛋白等。本研究規劃為將豬之副產物-豬肺及豬腎利用不同酵素水解或微生物水解方式，產製含小分子寡肽產物，應用在抗過敏（異位性皮膚炎）原料生產。
<b>細部計畫0:蝦蟹殼萃取物減緩關節退化產品的開發暨功效評估</b>甲殼素是由葡萄醣胺與N-乙醯葡萄糖胺所形成之聚合物，而葡萄醣胺可促進蛋白多醣的產生，減緩關節退化的發生；甲殼素雖然應用領域廣泛，但因其只能溶解於稀酸水溶液中的缺點，造成他在應用上有許多限制，需能溶於水才易被動物體吸收，因此本計畫將利用蝦蟹殼與菇蕈副產物進行甲殼素萃取與改質，如去乙醯化程度、分子結構排列分佈與分子的大小對於溶解性質的影響等，探討改質後之甲殼素的水溶性程度，評估其在滑膜細胞減緩關節退化與發炎之效能。
<b>細部計畫0:台灣甘藷、西瓜及南瓜藤蔓調節伴侶動物腸道保健產品開發</b> 本計畫目標為研究農業廢棄資材甘藷藤、西瓜藤與南瓜藤的機能性並評估應用做為伴侶動物腸道功能調節保健素材的可能。作物採收後留下的莖葉藤蔓通常沒有太大食用價值而被視為廢棄物，全國農作物種植分佈以苗栗區域種植甘藷、西瓜與南瓜面積經估計每年約可產生上百公噸的藤蔓農業廢棄物．因此為提升地區農業永續發展，資材循環利用是一大科技投入發展重點。盤點收集當地的研發標的（莖蔓）產量資料與資材狀態，先以少量樣品利用生物技術萃取、細胞模式功效篩選，找出富含機能成分有潛力抗自由基與調節腸道功能的素材，再透過加工技術開發以處理藤蔓資材成為保健功效原料，期能達到量與品質規格穩定的生技原料生產供應，後續開發應用在伴侶動物腸道保健產品不但能達到廢棄物減量的訴求，還能增進伴侶動物健康且創造新經濟價值。
<b>細部計畫0:利用新穎芽孢桿菌處理豬毛廢棄物及其分解產物之加值應用與產品開發</b><strong>計畫目標：</strong>根據行政院農委會動植物防疫檢疫局公布之屠檢數量顯示，108年全國肉豬屠宰頭數約777萬頭，其中豬毛為豬隻屠宰過程中主要之廢棄物之一；然而目前仍缺乏有效的處理策略，大多以焚燒及掩埋之方式處理，除了可能造成環境汙染外，亦會耗費大量金錢和能源成本。因此，尋覓能有效消化分解豬毛的角蛋白酶生產菌株將是當前的一項重要課題。<strong>架構或重要工作項目：</strong>接續108-109年度計畫成果奠定之基礎，110年度計畫將以先前篩選出對豬毛具最佳水解消化效率的芽孢桿菌屬菌株，與豬毛或豬毛粉共同發酵，以最適發酵條件參數，讓菌株展現最佳角蛋白酶活性，有效分解豬毛後取得最大量且最佳組成之胺基酸與功能性胜肽片段。110年度將優先投入動物飼料添加物商品化開發，以不同批次白肉雞動物實驗評估其促進生長之效果。同時與擬技轉廠商協力進行將實驗室規模之豬毛發酵處理量逐步提升至先導型工廠規模，以最適化生產線，逐年提升豬毛廢棄物妥處量。不僅使豬毛農業廢棄物妥處量逐年提升，更同時將豬毛分解產物轉化加值為具經濟價值之產品，達成參與本期農業資源循環產業化推動與加值化應用綱要計畫之重要任務。<strong>預期效益：</strong>以衍生自本計畫篩選之芽孢桿菌菌株將豬毛廢棄物進行有效水解，取代目前以焚燒或掩埋處理方式可能造成之環境污染及能源耗費，同時亦可增進豬毛粉之營養價值。審慎評估將豬毛以新穎芽孢桿菌菌株處理後所得之發酵水解產物作為動物飼糧添加物之應用潛力，期能用於增加動物之生長表現，提升動物體增重與飼料換肉率。
<b>細部計畫0:發酵海藻副產物於白蝦養殖之開發與應用</b>本計畫針對海藻萃取物生產商所產生的海藻副產物(藻渣)，以適合的益生菌進行發酵，進一步開發加值化技術，內容包括：開發蝦用機能性飼料添加物等產品，除了加值化海藻副產物，並提供養殖用機能性飼料添加物，提升養殖效益。本案將配合「農業循環再利用機能產品加值利用」群體計畫之執行，以具有調節水產動物生理之益生菌（枯草桿菌<em>Bacillus subtilis</em>）發酵海藻（小葉蕨藻<em>Caulerpa microphysa</em>）副產物 (藻渣)，評估其成分組成、添加於飼料後對白蝦成長、免疫能力與對白點症病毒（White Spot Syndrome Virus, WSSV）之抗病能力，建立目前市面上未見之共生質複方免疫調節劑之來源，期許能達到避免藥物及抗生素的使用，能夠提升水產生物本身免疫系統以對抗外來病原，亦可推動循環經濟，達到廢棄物資源化，提升藻類及蝦類養殖產業之效益，開創前瞻且精緻性的養殖產業。
<b>細部計畫0:以本土甜高粱渣加值開發功能性青貯料量產計畫</b>台灣加入WTO後，面對進口乳品、肉品等產品價格競爭，如何降低草食動物的生產成本，以提升產業之競爭力，為當務之急。關於牛羊等草食動物之生產成本中，以飼料成本為最大支出項目，約占總生產成本之40-75%，其中芻料成本約佔35-50%。然適合國內種植之牧草以熱帶草種為主，夏季生長旺盛，單位面積產量高，冬季則受低溫影響，生長遲緩，產量大幅減少，造成國產芻料於夏冬季常顯供需不平衡，且品質不穩定，所以國內酪農常利用進口之乾草餵飼動物，而進口乾草之價格一般為國產乾草之1.2-2倍，以致酪農生產成本一直居高不下。近年來，由於進口乾草價格持續高漲，酪農對於國產芻料需求日殷，如能充分供應國產芻料，並提升國產芻料品質，除可大幅降低酪農生產成本，提昇產業之競爭力。近幾十年來台灣牧草自給率不到56%，每年必須自國外進口約25萬公噸，價值約10億新台幣之乾草。因此，如何補足約44%乾草的缺口，如何利用國內農業副產物循環再利用開發芻料，在品質與供應上取得穩定，降低生產成本是當務之急。國內牛隻在養頭數為150,346頭、羊隻在養頭數為141,533頭及鹿在養頭數為18,198頭。臺灣地區107年盤固草2,854公頃，鮮草產量達20.9萬公噸、狼尾草2,093公頃，鮮草產量達28.4萬公噸及其他牧草7,959公頃，鮮草計算鮮草產量達36.9萬公噸，共約49.3萬公噸鮮草產量，約12.3萬公噸乾草，其主要為提供臺灣草食動物業者餵飼之用。而臺灣每年需要芻料量約90.5萬公噸。但國內牧草自給率約54%，不足的46%則分別由進口乾草與國產農副產品補充。因此，每年仍需自國外進口豆科及禾本科牧草共約25萬公噸需3仟萬美元約新台幣10億元。期待藉由本計畫利用國內農業副產物（如：甜高粱渣、酒糟等）開發農業副產物循環再利用之芻料產品，有效提高國內草食動物所食用之芻料自給率，降低國內草食動物飼養成本、提高相關產品競爭力。本研究計畫之甜高粱渣青貯料若成功商品化後，初步估計每年可處理甜高粱渣約10,000公噸，國內草食動物該青貯料商品市場約可達每年2,000萬元以上，其需求能未滿足國內肉牛產業之需求。另外，在取代進口芻料部分，可有效降低草食動物飼養成本約20-30%左右。
<b>細部計畫0:串聯加值鯖魚副產物加工技術產業鏈</b>鯖魚為臺灣重要的經濟魚種，依據2018年漁業年報統計，臺灣捕獲之鯖魚，年產量約7.2萬公噸，鯖魚產地99 %集中在北臺灣 (新北市、基隆市及宜蘭市)，由於臺產鯖魚油脂含量較進口鯖魚為低，適口性不若進口鹽鯖產品滑順，因此有70 % (約5.1萬公噸) 的鯖魚被加工製成罐頭，加工過程中以副產物佔全魚體重30 %推估，每年臺產鯖魚副產物上看1.5萬公噸，雖然臺產鯖魚副產物中油脂含量偏低，卻有著豐富磷脂質型態的n-3多元不飽和脂肪酸、胺基酸及機能性胜肽等成分，由於缺乏各種機能性成分萃取技術的串聯整合，加上終端商品獲利空間不足，導致廠商仍抱持觀望心態，未積極承接技術，因此鯖魚副產物仍多低價利用養殖生餌或漁業餌料。本計畫擬串聯鯖魚副產物加值技術產業鏈，利用臺產鯖魚副產物串聯開發能依序提取機能性磷脂質及蛋白質胺基酸之技術，對應不同機能性成分發展具有地方特色之鯖酒及鯖醬油等終端產品，並期能將此串聯之核心技術，授權區漁會或具規模之食品飲料廠，以真正落實技術商品化與產業化。 <b>0:Improvement on manufacturing procedures of the functional chicken-liver hydrolysate and evaluation of its stability</b>According to a statistical report from Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan, there are approximately 11,600 metric-ton chicken livers produced after slaughtering in Taiwan. Due to the odor/healthy concern and unwell utilization in food processing, there is an eager problem to handle those byproducts in poultry industry and government authority in agriculture. Recently, the functional foods for human and companion animals in Taiwan are valued of NT$ 140 and 5 billion, respectively. Based on the results in Year 106~109 projects, the chicken-liver hydrolysates demonstrate a hypolipidemic effects. Regarding the future utilization of this functional food ingredient, it is necessary to efficiently optimize the step of impurity removal in the commercial production of chicken-liver hydrolysates. Hence, the optimal step of impurity removal and the stability of chicken-liver hydrolysates will be determined in this proposal.
<b>0:Development of Multi-functional peptides by Hydrolysis Technology Using the Connective Tissues By-product of Swine</b>The immune function of pets is the same as humans. Allergic reaction is the most important recent health care for three years. Atopic dermatitis is the most common allergy issue in pets. In the other hand, metabolic syndrome including obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes and fatty liver also the important issue for health promotion. In recent years, small molecular oligo-peptides were used to prevent and treatment related disease that has been considerable development and attention. The by-products accounted for 60% from pig slaughter, including the blood, viscera and fur. The visceral mostly fresh state for sale, but the chest viscera includes the esophagus, diaphragm muscle, trachea, lungs, and tongue, skin and brain are less people eat. Collagen fibers, elastic fibers and vascular tissue are known as connective tissue. The byproducts of porcine lung and kidney can be digested with different enzyme or microbial hydrolysis to produced functional small molecular oligo-peptide. In this study, the functional peptides production from byproducts will be an ideal to process.
<b>0:The efficacy evaluation and product development of using shrimp and crab shell extracts to reduce joint degeneration</b>Chitin is a polymer formed by glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine, and glucosamine can promote the production of proteoglycans and slow the occurrence of joint degeneration. Although chitin is widely used, it can only be dissolved in dilute the shortcomings in the acid solution cause him to have many limitations in application. It needs to be soluble in water to be easily absorbed by passive objects. Therefore, this project will use shrimp and crab shells and mushroom by-products for chitin extraction and modification, such as the degree of deacetylation, the molecular structure arrangement and the influence of molecular size on the dissolving properties, etc., explore the water solubility of the modified chitin, and evaluate its effectiveness in slowing joint degradation and inflammation in synovial cells.
<b>0:The reutilization of Taiwan sweet potato vines, watermelon vines, and pumpkin vines to develop intestinal health products for companion animals</b> The aim of this project will study the functional effects of agricultural byproducts such as sweet potato vine, watermelon vine, and pumpkin vine, and then evaluate the possibility of using them as the ingredients on intestinal function regulation for companion animals. After harvesting fruits, the remained vines were often little value to eat and regarded as a kind of waste. Those planting area of sweet potato, watermelon, and pumpkin at Miaoli county will be estimated to produce more than one hundred tones of vine byproducts. Therefore, to promote sustainable development of regional agriculture, the reutilization of byproducts will be a key point of tech innovation. Here, we will collect data with the quantity and the quality condition of regional target vines. To characterize samples by small scale extraction with the biotech method and functional screening with cell model assays to figure out the potential functional ingredients with effects on anti-oxidation and regulating intestinal function. Furthermore, develop manufacturing process to make vine byproducts becoming functional ingredients, and hope to reach stable production level for supplying. In the future perspective, the functional ingredient from vines will be used to manufacture pet’s intestinal healthy products that will have advantages on reducing agricultural byproducts, promoting pet’s health, and creating new economic value.
<b>0:Treating hog hair waste with novel Bacillus sp. and value-added application and product development using the degraded products</b><strong>Specific aims</strong>: According to the number of butchery inspections announced by the Animal and Plant Quarantine Bureau of the Council of Agriculture of the Executive Yuan, the number of slaughtered pigs nationwide was about 7.77 million in 2019, of which pig hair is one of the main wastes during the slaughter of pigs; however, an effective treatment strategy is still lacking. Most of them are dealt with incineration and burial. Apart from causing environmental pollution, they also consume a lot of money and energy costs. Therefore, it is an important issue to find a keratinase producing strain that can effectively digest and decompose pig hair.<strong>Structures or important work items</strong>: Based on the achievements of the 2019-2020 two-year project, the 2021-2024 four-year project will use previously selected <em>Bacillus</em> strains that have the best hydrolytic and digestive efficiency for pig hair, and co-ferment with pig hair or pig hair powder to the parameters of fermentation conditions allow the strain to exhibit the best keratinase activity, to obtain the largest amount of amino acids and functional peptide fragments after the degradation of pig hair effectively. In 2021 project, priority will be given to the commercial development of animal feed additives, and different batches of white broiler animals will be used to evaluate its growth promotion effect. At the same time, we will cooperate with the proposed technology transfer manufacturers to gradually increase the laboratory-scale fermentation capacity of pig hair to the scale of the factory, and optimize the production line to increase the proper treatment amount of pig hair waste year by year, which will not only increase the proper treatment amount of pig hair agricultural waste year by year, but also use pig hair degradation product conversion value-added products with economic value, in order to achieve the important task of participating in this period of agricultural resource cycle industrialization promotion and value-added application outline plan.<strong>Expected outcomes and benefits</strong>: We believe that through the efficient hydrolysis of pig hair waste with Bacillus strains, the current environmental pollution and energy consumption caused by incineration or landfill treatment can be prevented, and also the nutritional value of pig hair after treatment will be increased. The potential application of fermented hydrolysates obtained from pig hair treated with Bacillus strains as animal diets was evaluated and could be used to increase the growth performance of animals such as body weight gain and feed conversion rate.
<b>0:Development and application of fermented seaweed byproducts in white shrimp culture</b>The aim of this project is to apply fermentation of by-products, algal remains from marine algal-extracts industries, with suitable probiotics in developing value-added technology, which includes the following: Development of additives for functional shrimp feed and the likes, providing functional feed additives and increasing benefits of aquaculture, aside from adding value to the by-products. Our project will cooperate with the execution of the group project “Re-utilization through Circular Agriculture and Functional Products Value-Adding”, fermenting the by-products (algal remains) of marine algae (<em>Caulerpa microphysa</em>) with probiotics (<em>Bacillus subtilis</em>) that can regulate physiology of aquatic animals. The products from said fermentation will be evaluated on their compositions and effects, when added to feed, on growth, immunity, and resistance of white shrimps to White Spot Syndrome Virus, WSSV. The purpose is to develop a source of synbiotics for immunity regulation yet to be seen on current market, in the hope of preventing usage of drugs and antibiotics, while enhancing immunity in aquatic animals to resist foreign pathogens. Additionally, our project can promote circular economy, recycle wastes, increase the benefits of algae and shrimp aquaculture, and develop an aquaculture industry with visions and intricacies.
<b>0:Development of local sweet sorghum high-value silage production</b>After Taiwan's accession to the WTO, in the face of price competition of import dairy products and meat products, it is necessary to reduce the production cost of herbivores to enhance the competitiveness of the industry. In regard to the production cost of herbivores such as cattle and goats, the feed cost is the greatest expenditure item, accounting for 40-75% of the total production cost, of which the cost of forage is about 35-50%. However, tropical grass species are the main pasture in Taiwan, which are growing vigorously and have highly yield per unit area in summer, but growing slowly and the production sharply reducing because of the low temperature in winter, resulting in domestic forage’s unbalance supply and demand of different season and the quality is unstable. Therefore, Taiwan’s dairy farmers often use import hay to feed animals, and the price of import hay is generally 1.2 to 2 times that of domestic hay, so that the production cost of dairy farming has remained high. In recent years, as the price of import hay rising continuingly, the demand for domestic forage increased relatively. If the domestic forage can be amply supplied and the quality of domestic forage is improved, the production costs of the farmers will greatly reduce and the competitiveness of the industry can be improved. In recent decades, the self-sufficiency rate of pasture in Taiwan has been less than 56%, about 250,000 metric tons of hay, worth about 1 billion Taiwan dollars of hay must be imported from abroad every year. For this reason, how to make up the gap of about 44% of the hay, to use the domestic agricultural by- product recycling and development as forage, to achieve stability in quality and supply, thus to reduce production costs is the top priority of this proposal. The number of domestic cattle is 150,346, the number of goat in the sheep is 141,533 and the number of deer in the head is 18,198. The yield is 209,000 metric tons of fresh grass by 2,854 hectare of Pangola grass, 284,000 metric tons of fresh grass by 2,093 hectare of Pennisetum, and 369,000 metric tons of fresh grass by 7,959 hectare of other pasture. Total yield of fresh grass is 493,000 metric tons of fresh grass, and about 123,000 metric tons of hay. All the pasture is used to feed herbivore in Taiwan. The requirement of hay in Taiwan is about 905,000 metric tons per year, but the rate of self- sufficiency of domestic pasture is about 54%. The shortage (46%) is supplemented by imported hay and domestic agriculture by-product. Therefore, it is still needed to import 250,000 metric tons of legume and gramineae pasture, and the cost is US$ 30 million dollars (NT$ 10 billion dollars). It is expected to though this plan which use domestic agriculture by-product (such as sweet sorghum residue or grains distiller') to develop the forage product of agriculture by-product cycle and reusing. It could improve the rate of self-sufficiency for domestic herbivore, reduce the cost of feeding animal, and improve the competitiveness of related products. If the product of sweet sorghum silage is successfully produced, the sweet sorghum residue could be used about 10,000 metric tons, and there is NT$ 20 million dollars in domestic herbivore. The requirement could meet the need of domestic beef cattle industry. Furthermore, it could effectively reduce 20-30% of feeding cost to replace the import forage.
<b>0:Studies on tandem processing technologies for the value-adding of mackerel byproducts</b>Mackerel is an important economic fish species in Taiwan. According to the statistics of the 2018 annual fishery report, the annual output of mackerel caught in Taiwan is about 72,000 metric tons. The origin of mackerel catch is 99% concentrated in northern Taiwan (Taipei, Keelung and Yilan City). Owing to the fat content of Taiwan's mackerel is lower than the imported; the palatability is not as accepted as that imported salt mackerel products. Therefore, 70% (about 51,000 metric tons) of Taiwan's mackerel is processed into cans. It is estimated that fish processing waste accounts for 30% of the whole body weight. Each year, Taiwan's mackerel by-products look at 15,000 metric tons. Although the by-products of Taiwanese mackerel by-products are also low in oil, it has rich phospholipid n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, functional peptides and etc. Due to the lack of tandem integration of various functional component extraction technologies and insufficient profit margins for commercial products, manufacturers still hold a wait-and-see attitude and do not receive and carry out the technology. Therefore the products are still used at low cost for aquaculture feeding or fishery bait. This plan intends to connect the mackerel by-product value-added technology industrial chain, and use the Taiwan’s mackerel by-products to develop technologies that can sequentially extract functional phospholipids and protein amino acids. Corresponding to the different functional components in mackerel byproduct developed the product with local characterized and high value adding, such as mackerel sake and mackerel soy sauce. This study will be able to connect the core technology in series for mackerel processing and authorize the district fishery association or a large-scale food and beverage factory to truly implement technology commercialization and industrialization.
