Abstract
一、臺灣西南海域鎖管漁業資源之調查評估
近年來鎖管產量有逐漸下降的趨勢，顯見鎖管資源量有越來越少的情形。臺 灣周邊水域的鎖管類主要為拖網與火誘網漁船所漁獲，主要作業漁場在東北水域、 西南及澎湖水域(臺灣海峽)。其中東北水域主要漁獲物種劍尖槍鎖管之生活史參數 與分佈洄游型態已有較明確之瞭解，但西南水域主要漁獲物種中國槍鎖管相關研究 則較為缺乏，且本水域相關漁業捕獲鎖管物種之組成比例仍未究明。緣此，本計畫 擬建立台灣西南海域鎖管漁業活動資料庫，同時分析主要漁獲物種中國槍鎖管之年 齡成長、生殖生物學等特性，以及其作業漁場之時空分布。本計畫擬訂之目標為 ：(一)調查臺灣西南海域鎖管漁業資源利用之現況；(二)探究臺灣西南海域鎖管漁 業活動及漁場環境結構；(三)分析臺灣西南海域鎖管資源之變動趨勢；(四)建構臺 灣西南海域鎖管漁業資源動態資料庫；(五)測量並分析臺灣西南海域鎖管漁業資源 評估所需之相關生物學參數。
二、臺灣鬼頭刀漁業資源評估研究
為達到台灣鬼頭刀漁業改進計畫認證之目標，此須由科學家執行鬼頭刀相關之資源 研究分析以作為工作計畫之佐證，因此本研究規劃進行台灣水域鬼頭刀相關之科學 研究調查工作。本研究將進行台灣海域鬼頭刀資源之基因資料分析，並分析與其他 太平洋海域鬼頭刀資源類緣關係。本研究亦收集鬼頭刀生殖腺樣本並進行生殖生物 學研究，以供作為進行資源動態分析之重要參考依據。此外，本研究亦將進行台灣 海域鬼頭刀CPUE標準化分析，並彙整各項漁獲資料、生物參數及相對資源豐度指標 進行該資源之資源評估與變動分析。
三、臺灣周邊海域鯖鰺漁業資源動態解析
台灣東北部鯖鰺漁場在大型圍網及扒網的持續利用下，近十年主要漁獲花腹鯖已有 成長率增加、極限體長降低、成熟年齡提前等過漁現象。為謀鯖鰺資源的永續利用 ，有必要進一步管理。本研究除對現行休漁制度施行後之成效，持續進行花腹鯖的 生殖成長與資源變動監測外，也對漁獲比率逐漸增加白腹鯖及真鰺之生殖生物學、 年齡成長等進行研究，藉由綜合評估花腹鯖、白腹鯖、真鰺之資源動態，解明其生 物學特性之區域與季節性變化，探討其分布與洄游之特性，支援漁業管理所需。
四、臺灣周邊水域飛魚卵資源動態解析及管理之研究
本研究將針對台灣周邊水域之飛魚卵資源進行漁期、漁場及相關環境資料之收集 ，利用作業報表、樣本船、暨定置、追逐、與燈火漁業所收集之資料與衛星水文資 料等進行詳細的檢視與分析，協助漁政單位評估、監控漁業報表填報誤差，有效掌 握漁獲實況及管理績效，並瞭解漁業動態與環境或氣候因子之關連及其年別變異。 另將利用港口採樣或樣本船收集相關資訊，了解飛魚卵漁業漁汛期及產卵親魚生物 參數的年間變動。並整合所得資訊，評估飛魚卵漁業漁獲率的變動趨勢，暨總容許 捕獲量(TAC)與採捕期的合宜性等，做為漁政單位有效管理該漁業的重要參考依據。
五、臺灣周邊海域魩鱙資源變動及管理機制調整研究
本計畫之目標是探討魩鱙漁業之資源量、漁獲努力量及漁獲量之時間(年及季 )及空間(漁場)之變化；另外亦鑑定漁獲物之物種組成，探討目標魚種和混獲物種之 利用狀態。魩及鱙魚為臺灣經濟海域之鯷及鯡科小體型魚類之集合名詞，魩為仔魚 ，鱙為稚魚，均為重要的經濟魚類資源。魩鱙漁業是臺灣和日本沿岸漁業的特色之 一。魩及鱙魚也是沿岸海洋生態系中之構成及功能性要員，其族群量之大小悠關生 態系之棲位多寡，進而影響生態系之產能及穩定，也悠關上層漁業，如鯖、鯵漁業 之資源波動。魩仔漁業所捕獲之魚種約等於傳統底拖網漁業之數目，但其生質量及 數量組成則不同。魩仔漁業之主要漁獲組成為鯷及鯡科之表層洄游魚，而非鯷及非 鯡科之仔魚則通稱為混獲魚種。除非在鯷科魚種孵化之頂峰時期(不超過兩週)，均 有數十至百餘種具經濟價值之魚種混同罹網，成為混獲魚種。魩仔魚共有八個主要 魚種(以日漁獲量計，一度超過5%)，其前三位為異葉公鯷、刺公鯷及日本鯷。
沿近海重要洄游性漁業資源調查評估與利用管理研究 近年海洋漁業面臨全球氣候變遷、海洋生態環境惡化及漁業資源銳減等多重衝擊 ，使得臺灣的漁業經營環境愈顯嚴峻。氣候變遷造成造成魚群分布的改變，亦直接 影響了魚群洄游的路徑與時間，造成漁場的改變，對漁業資源造成深遠的影響，而海水溫鹽等水團特性則是影響漁場、漁期變動的關鍵因子。為此，本所規劃了臺灣周邊海域漁場環境監測、臺灣北部海域鎖管漁業資源之調查評估、臺灣近海康氏馬加鰆漁業資源之調查、臺灣東北部鯖魚產卵場海域魚卵密度調查、臺灣東部海域翻車魨類魚種移動行為特徵研究及臺灣鬼頭刀族群動態解析及生態習性之研究、以及臺灣產紅甘鰺之分類研究，嘗試透過長期資料庫之建置來瞭解臺灣周邊海域長期水文、海況及漁業生物時空分佈資訊，進而掌握影響周邊海域漁業資源變動的機制，及時發現問題並提供解決對策 ，期能降低氣候變遷之衝擊。Survey and assessment of fishery resources under management
1. Investigation and evaluation of loliginid squids resources in the southwestern wates of TaiwanThe fisheries production of loligo squids has been constantly decreasing in the recent years that indicate the decline of their resources. The loligo squids are major target species for trawl and torch-lighted fisheries in the coastal water off Taiwan. The fishing grounds of loligo squids mainly locate in the coastal water off northeaster and southwestern Taiwan as well as the coastal water off Penghu islands. The loligo squids in the coastal water off northeastern Taiwan have been well studied, including theirs lifespan parameters as well as distribution and migratory patterns. However, our understandings on the loligo squids in the coastal water off southwestern Taiwan and Penghu islands are largely limited, including the fishing composition of loligo squid, etc. Hence, this project aims to investigate the loligo squids in the coastal water off southwestern Taiwan and Penghu islands from various aspects, including utilization of fisheries resources, (2) fishing activities and corresponding environmental conditions, (3) trends and variations in the fishing abundance, (4) fisheries resource dynamics database, and (5) biological parameters required for stock assessment.2. Study on the population dynamics of dolphinfish in the Taiwan watersTo achieve the objective of the fishery improvement project for Taiwanese dolphinfish fishery, relevant studies for dolphinfish implemented by scientists were necessary as evidence. Therefore, this study plans to conduct the scientific studies related to dolphinfish in the Taiwan waters. This study will analyze genetic data of dolphinfish in the Taiwan waters as the basis for investing the relationship between the population in the Taiwan waters and population in other waters of Pacific Ocean. The reproductive biology of dolphinfish will be analyzed based on the gonad samples and the results will be the important basis for further analysis of population dynamics. In addition, the CPUE standardization will be conducted and stock assessment and stock status of dolphinfish in the Taiwan waters will be analyzed based on the information aggregated from fishery statistics, biological parameters and relative abundance index.3. Assessment of mackerel and scad fishery resources in the waters around TaiwanUnder continuous exploration by large purse seine and tiger net, the spotted mackerel in the fishing ground in the northeastern Taiwan has significant overfishing phenomenon including increase of growth rate, reduce of maximum body length and earlier age of mature. For sustainable utilization of the mackerel and scad resources, further management is necessary. In this study, we not only monitor the effect of current moratorium measure via stock assessment of spotted mackerel, but also enhance the monitoring works on reproductive biology, age and growth characteristics of chub mackerel and jack mackerel due to increasing catch in recent years. To satisfy the needs of further management, a comprehensive stock assessment of the three species will be conducted in this study, with which regional and seasonal variation in biological characteristic will be realized and so as the distribution and migration feature of them. 4. Studies on the dynamics, utilization and management of flying fish roe fisheries in surrounding waters of TaiwanAims of this research project are to collect information on the fishing season, fishing ground and the associated environmental factors influencing flying fish roe fishery in coastal waters off Taiwan. The logbook, VDR data and the set net database, as well as sampling vessels will be used in combination with environmental data to monitor accuracy of catch reports, effectiveness of management measures, and to understand dynamics of the fisheries in relation to climate and/or environmental factors, and their annual variations. The species composition and distribution of flying fish species in northeastern waters of Taiwan and fishery biology, as well as stock structure of the dominant species will be examined continuously to explore possible correlations of samples collected among sampling sites. The experimental vessels and port samplings will also be used to collect and evaluate the extension and variations of the fishing season and annual changes in biological traits of the spawning adults. These information will then, be integrated to evaluate possible sustainable yield, and the appropriateness of the total allowable catch, as well as the fishing season for the flying fish roe fishery, and be served as important bases for the effective management of these fisheries in Taiwan.5. Monitoring resource fluctuation in Taiwanese Bua Fisheries and reviewing management planObjectives：The objectives of this project are to get the latest information to assist fisheries management, including (1) to estimate the stock size of major species, (2) to explore the fishing effort and catches, and (3) to quantify their temporal and spatial variations.Larval anchovy is an important resource for coastal artisan fishery in Taiwan, although harvesting fish at early stages may impose crucial impact on fragile resource, and cause conservation concerns.The fisheries that catch larval anchovy are called "Bua fishery" in Taiwan, and they utilize specialized fishing types fit to various coastal geo-morph. The Bua catches are appreciated with high prices, resulted in very complicated cases governmental regulations. From different perspectives, both larval and adult anchovies are important mid-way component in coastal marine ecosystem, where they function as bio-energy converter between plankton and higher trophic levels. The fluctuation of anchovy population influences not only the amount of fisheries catches, but also the stability of coastal ecosystem. Previous studies have shown that the mechanism for the formation of apt fishing sites may relate to global meteorological events, such as ENSO and typhoon. The species richness of Bua catches resembles that of traditional bottom trawls, but with different percentage of species composition in biomass. The Bua catch is primarily composed of engraulia and clupeid fishes, however tens to hundred “non-Bua” species are also caught, among which some are of economic importance. Major Bua fishes, accounted by more than 5% in any single day, are identified to 8 species. The top 3 species, i.e., Encrasicholina heteroloba ,Encr. punctifer, and Engraulis japonicus, are composed about 90% of total catches.
Frameworks：Fish compositions in two major fishing seasons of spring and autumn are comprehensively documented, however, population size of major species is dynamic. For effectively regulating the fishing activity at a suitable level, county governments set the limits of vessel number, total allowable catches and no-catch period for their fishermen. In the meanwhile, the licensing time was set to a period of 5 years. Phasing-out of the Bua fishery was also announced that was effective on January 1, 2006 at first. However, for the sake of mitigating difficult position in local economy, deferring was put forward to extend the licensing period until December 31, 2008. In 2009, effective regulation of the fisheries was established to replace the then phasing-out hoping to reduce socio-economic impact. To facilitate effective regulation, the major tasks of this project are set to assess potential fishing capacity, and realized fishing effort and catches.
Expected benefits：This project will work on three major fishing grounds: the northeast, northwest and southwest in sequences. In the end, this project will get following parameters: fishing capacity, fishing effort, catches, catch compositions, and length frequencies. These parameters will be analyzed to conclude the by-catch rate, total allowable catch, and optimal size of the fisheries.
Study on Investigation, Evaluation and Utilization Management of Important Migratory Fishery Resources along the Offshore
In recent years, marine capture fishery in Taiwan was encountering the challenge of climate change, deterioration of the marine environment, and the decline of fishery resources. Climate change leads to rising sea water temperature, with the consequences of changing habitats, alteration of distribution boundary, and changing fishing grounds. The effect of climate change is profound for fishery resources and the characteristics of water masses are the key factors that affect the variation of fishing grounds and fishing season. As a result, Fisheries Research Institute implemented studies of Environmental monitoring of fishing grounds in the coastal and offshore waters around Taiwan, investigation and evaluation of loliginid squid fishery resources, Movement characteristics of sunfishes in eastern Taiwan waters and Population dynamics and ecological behaviors of dolphinfish off Taiwan waters, and molecular identification of Seriola dumerili in Taiwanese waters. Through this thorough investigation, we try to understand the coupling of physical, chemical and biological dynamics in the surrounding waters of Taiwan to figure out the factors associated with the fluctuation of fishery resources and to monitor our ocean and to detect anomalies effectively and to find a way to mitigate the impact of climate change.
