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Onshore U-OWC Wave Energy Converter: A Hydrodynamic Study of Its Capture Performance Impacted by Air-Compressibility Effects

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

標題: Onshore U-OWC Wave Energy Converter: A Hydrodynamic Study of Its Capture Performance Impacted by Air-Compressibility Effects 作者: Chow, Yi-Chih; Chang, Hong-Yang; Nguyen, Duy Tong; Lin, Chen-Chou 摘要: The distinct engineering advantages of Oscillating Water Column (OWC) systems have driven substantial academic interest lately. This work examines the onshore U-shaped OWC (U-OWC), selected for its cost-effective installation integrated with existing coastal infrastructure and its superior broadband response to diverse wave climates. Time-domain CFD simulations, incorporating the scaling-rematched approach, were conducted to quantify key hydrodynamic and air-compressibility coefficients, including the amplitude of the wave exciting force, fluid damping coefficient, added mass, absorption factor, and the effective PTO (power take-off) damping and air-compressibility coefficients. These parameters collectively elucidate the underlying hydrodynamics and how they are interwoven with the compressibility of the air in the plenum chamber, thereby impacting the U-OWC's energy-capture performance under incident waves. A principal finding is the identification of a C+ interval wherein air compressibility enhances capture performance in the lower wave-period range examined (<8.0 s). The added mass of the present U-OWC exhibits a remarkably pronounced decrease around the wave period of 8.0 s, which can be verified by a simple resonance formula of heave buoys to underline its strong near-resonance behavior.

Physics-Guided Cross-Attention Framework for Real-Time Voltage Stability Assessment

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

標題: Physics-Guided Cross-Attention Framework for Real-Time Voltage Stability Assessment 作者: Lai, Chia-Ching; Su, Heng-Yi 摘要: Driven by the increasing integration of renewable energy, modern power grids frequently operate near their physical stability boundaries, rendering online Voltage Stability Assessment (VSA) critical for secure grid operation. Although purely data-driven deep learning models facilitate rapid margin prediction, they often exhibit limited robustness and generalization capability under unseen operating conditions. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a Physics-Guided Cross-Attention (PGCA) framework for real-time VSA. Unlike conventional physics-informed approaches that incorporate physical constraints through loss-function regularization, the proposed method utilizes physics-guided embeddings derived from Jacobian-based stability indicators. Through a customized cross-attention mechanism, the framework integrates high-resolution temporal phasor measurements with physics-derived structural information, enabling effective interaction between temporal features and system stability characteristics. Extensive experiments on the IEEE 118-bus system and the real-world 1,807-bus Taiwan Power System (TPS) demonstrate enhanced predictive performance, strong scalability, and improved robustness under unseen operating conditions.

Investigating Mechanical and Electrical Properties in Curved Touch Panels With an Innovative Ring ITO Electrode Structure Using an Optical-Flow Algorithm

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

標題: Investigating Mechanical and Electrical Properties in Curved Touch Panels With an Innovative Ring ITO Electrode Structure Using an Optical-Flow Algorithm 作者: Wen, Bor-Jiunn; Hsiao, Yu-Chia; Hsiao, Han-Yi 摘要: The flexible touch panel has attracted considerable attention due to its thin, bendable, and impact-resistant characteristics. However, applying touch functionality on curved surfaces has been limited by conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, which suffer from light obstruction caused by mesh deformation during bending. To overcome this limitation, this study introduces a novel ring-shaped ITO electrode structure designed to improve optical transmittance. The mechanical behavior of the electrode under different curvatures and touch locations was analyzed using a 3-D optical-flow (OF) algorithm, while capacitance measurements were conducted to evaluate the corresponding electrical properties. Experiments were performed under curved conditions with varying touch positions to investigate the coupled mechanical-electrical response of the electrode. Stress and capacitance variations were further examined across different bending radii, touch locations, and repeated folding cycles. When the applied force increased to 150 g at the top, middle, and bottom positions, repeated folding-induced electrode stress, with a maximum rise of 38.13 MPa observed after 11 000 cycles. Meanwhile, the capacitance of adjacent electrodes exhibited a maximum change of 32 fF, confirming that the electrical response correlated with the stress evolution observed during touch testing.

Mechanical-property measurement of enhanced flexible antenna graphene-electrode substrates on curved surfaces using spatial compensation temporal Fourier-transform profilometry

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

標題: Mechanical-property measurement of enhanced flexible antenna graphene-electrode substrates on curved surfaces using spatial compensation temporal Fourier-transform profilometry 作者: Hsiao, Han-Yi; Wen, Bor-Jiunn 摘要: To enhance the mechanical strength of flexible antenna electrode substrates for wearable devices and address the challenge of non-contact mechanical property measurement on curved, flexible structures, this study proposes a spatial-compensation temporal Fourier-transform profilometry (SC-TFTP) technique. The proposed method employs novel image-filling technology and integrates temporal fast Fourier transform with bandpass filtering. It measures the height distribution of laser-induced graphene antenna electrodes on polyimide substrates, including the microstrip-patch electrode structure (MPES) and Hilbert fractal electrode structure (HFES), under various curvatures and touch loads. Subsequently, mechanical characterization principle (MCP) is employed for stress analysis and comparison. The results show that, compared with the finite element method, the minimum relative error of local mean height deformation was as low as 0.003 mm, whereas the maximum relative percentage error of the stress was 19.66%. Furthermore, the stress of the HFES was reduced by approximately 20% compared with the traditional MPES under the same curvature and load. These findings demonstrate that the fractal geometry of HFES distributes stress, and significantly enhances the mechanical-damage resistance of the antenna-electrode substrate. The proposed SC-TFTP combined with MCP provides a rapid, stable, and nondestructive approach for characterizing the mechanical properties of curved flexible thin films, enabling the effective quantification and enhancement of the mechanical performance of flexible antenna-electrode substrates under bending conditions.