日治時期臺灣水產關聯產業的發展--以製冰冷藏業為例

Abstract

Taiwan's fisheries developed rapidly in the mid- and late-1920s. Behind this growth were many factors including the results of various fishery experiments, incentives from the Office of the Governor General and prefectural governments, guidance from supporting agencies, and the large number of motorized fishing boats. But, prominent among the causes for this growth was the emergence of the ice-making and refrigeration industries. Previous to 1924, the ice-making industry was monopolized by the Niitaka Ice Manufacturing Company, Ltd. and Nitto Ice Manufacturing Company, Ltd., but in that year, several companies began to compete in ice-making, which in turn spurred growth in fisheries. Using regression analysis, the ice-making industry can be seen to have had an association of 53.03% with the amount of fish caught and of 70.27% with fresh fish exports. And in the refrigeration sector, we note that though refrigerated trucks and fishing boats had been used since 1910, the largest change to fisheries came with the establishment of refrigerated warehouses in the 1920s. Again using regression analysis, the industry can be seen to have had an association of 53.10% with the amount of fish caught and of 85.76% with fresh fish exports. The use of quantitative methodology reveals the huge contribution ice-making and refrigeration had to spurring the growth of fisheries.臺灣水產業在1920年代中、後期開始，有了明顯的成長。成長原因很多，除了臺灣總督府及地方州廳的水產試驗、水產獎勵、水產協力機關的輔導，以及機動漁船的普及等因素外，做為其關聯產業的製冰冷藏業亦帶來一定的影響。在製冰業方面，雖歷經新高製冰株式會社與日東製冰株式會社獨占時期，唯至1924年後，進入百家爭鳴年代，而此時水產業正快速成長中，若進一步利用「制度分析法」進行迴歸分析，其對漁獲額及鮮魚輸移出量分別有53.03%、70.27%的關聯性。在冷藏業方面，雖然在1910年代已有冷藏貨車與冷藏漁船的使用，但真正影響水產業的還是在1920年代設置漁業用冷藏庫，若進一步利用迴歸分析，其對漁獲額及鮮魚輸移出量則分別有53.10%、85.76%的關聯性。透過數量方法，皆可看出製冰冷藏業對水產業所帶來的影響與貢獻。