Investigating the Anti-Inflammatory and Immunoregulatory Effects of Euphorbia hirta and Their Relation to Anti-Fatigue and Bioenergy Generation in Post-COVID Syndrome

Abstract

Euphorbia hirta, or Tawa-Tawa, is a tropical plant known for its diverse pharmacological activities. Traditionally used to treat ailments such as respiratory diseases, recent studies suggest its potential as an adjunctive anti-COVID-19 remedy. Despite the widespread use of Tawa-Tawa, limited research has been conducted into its anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, and bioenergy-generating capabilities, particularly in the context of Post-COVID syndrome. This study aims to investigate Tawa-Tawa, focusing on how its bioactive compounds may provide relief from fatigue, reduce inflammation, and stimulate bioenergy production. This study investigated the anti-fatigue properties of Tawa-Tawa water extract in vivo, as well as its anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities in vitro. The power density measurements of different concentrations of Tawa-Tawa were also analyzed using a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). In vivo testing demonstrated increased endurance in mice following the administration of Tawa-Tawa water extract. In vitro, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity assays revealed a significant reduction in Interleukin-6 levels in a primary chondrocyte cell line and non-cytotoxic cell viability. Additionally, power density measurements using an MFC showed increased energy production as Tawa-Tawa concentration increased. These findings suggest that Tawa-Tawa could alleviate fatigue, reduce inflammation, and enhance bioenergy generation. The observed bioenergy-stimulating properties may be related to the plant's electron-transport chain-directed mechanism, enhancing ATP production. Furthermore, its antiviral activity, particularly against COVID-19, positions Tawa-Tawa as a potential treatment for Post-COVID syndrome, helping alleviate fatigue, respiratory issues, and viral infections. This study sheds new light on Tawa-Tawa's therapeutic potential, exploring its diverse medicinal applications and its role in addressing post-viral complications.