Applying Network Data Envelopment Analysis to Evaluate the Efficiency of Leading Container Ports

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Project title

Code/計畫編號

MOST105-2410-H019-026

Translated Name/計畫中文名

應用網路資料包絡分析法探討全球主要貨櫃港口營運效率之研究

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Shih-Liang Chao

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Department of Shipping and Transportation Management

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=11901987

Year

2016

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2016

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-07-2017

Bugetid/研究經費

354千元

ResearchField/研究領域

經濟學

"定期航運已成為重要的國際貨物運輸模式，主要原因在於以標準化貨櫃為工具之運輸方式，可以將貨物有效率且便捷地在各式的運具間轉運。定期航運體系主要由船舶以及港口兩項重要的元素所組成。定期航商為了降低艙位單位變動成本，紛紛將大型貨櫃船舶部署於越太平洋與遠歐航線等遠洋主航線，這些船舶大型化所帶來的大量貨櫃，對於碼頭經營者是項重大挑戰。因此，衡量與改善貨櫃港口效率已成為定航產業之重要課題。根據本研究初步探討可知，既有評估貨櫃港口之文獻，均基於最初投入與最終產出進行效率衡量，此方式僅能評估各港整體效率，無法檢視各港口生產過程之瓶頸。為克服此一問題，本研究擬利用網路資料包絡分析法之概念，將貨櫃港口之生產過程拆解為由生產及行銷兩部門連接的過程，並於各部門配置適當之權重，據以評估世界主要貨櫃港口整體與各部門之效率。此研究結果應可協助碼頭經營者診斷各貨櫃港口生產過程之瓶頸，並提供未來改善之方針。在預期影響性方面，由於網路資料包絡分析法具有可表達複雜生產過程的能力，故已被應用於許多產業績效評估的研究。然就海運領域而言，經本計畫初步回顧相關文獻後尚未發現相關期刊論文之發表，故本計畫之執行可將網路資料包絡分析法之觀念導入海運領域相關研究中，除本研究所探討的貨櫃港口之外，也可用於航商、碼頭營運商、碼頭策略聯盟及全球性貨運承攬業者等航運產業之績效評估。因定期航運為我國重要之國際性產業，故本計畫之執行有助於我國航港業務主管機關以及實務業者在探討產業績效評估課題時，能以更深入的觀點來檢視生產過程之效率問題，突破僅考量整體效率之傳統思維，將海運產業效率評估帶向一個新的領域。另就學術發展之影響而言，由於網路資料包絡分析法於建模時必須考量權重以及共同投入分配比例上下限等參數設定問題，此類問題在既有文獻中均以假設或簡單平均數予以處理，雖能求出效率值但代表性仍有改進的空間。本研究擬針對部門重要性以及權重設定問題研提客觀量化處理方法，可供後續應用網路資料包絡分析法進行績效評估之學術研究參考應用。""Liner shipping has become the dominant mode to transport semi-products and finished products globally because standard containers can be transferred between trucks, ships and trains conveniently. The system of liner shipping is mainly composed of two critical components: ships and ports. To lower unit running cost of ship slots, liner companies are deploying large ships in their trunk services, especially in the transpacific and Far East to Europe trades. With regard to port operators, it is a challenge to deal with the increased number of containers brought by these large ships. Therefore, improving productivity of a container port has become an important issue in the liner shipping industry. Although several studies focus on measuring the productivity of container ports, the efficiency scores of the proposed models were all obtained based on initial inputs and final output. Such measurements cannot find out the bottleneck in the production process of a port. To overcome this problem, this study aims to apply a network DEA (NDEA) model to evaluate the productivity of leading container ports. We deconstruct the production process of a port into production and marketing divisions and determine the overall and division efficiency scores respectively. The result can help port operators to diagnose the bottleneck of their production process for future improvement. The impact of this study is twofold. First, although NDEA has been applied for efficiency evaluation in many industries, it has not been used in the field of shipping. This study acts as a milestone which applies NDEA to measure the efficiency of container ports. Such an analysis can help practitioners to examine the efficiency of divisions rather than only focusing on the overall efficiency. Second, in terms of academic development, setting the weight vector and bounds of shared inputs are critical issues while using NDEA. However, these issues have not been investigated in the literature. This study will deal with these issues by proposing quantitative methods which can be applied to future NDEA related studies."

Keyword(s)

效率評估
網路資料包絡分析法
定期航運
貨櫃港口
efficiency evaluation
network data envelopment analysis (NDEA)
liner shipping
container port

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Applying Network Data Envelopment Analysis to Evaluate the Efficiency of Leading Container Ports

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