Marine Fungi of Sandy Beaches in Taiwan and Their Phylogeny

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Project title

Code/計畫編號

MOST105-2621-B019-002

Translated Name/計畫中文名

臺灣沙岸海洋真菌多樣性及其親源關係研究

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Ka-Lai Pang

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Institute of Marine Biology

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=11904909

Year

2016

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2016

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-07-2017

Bugetid/研究經費

1100千元

ResearchField/研究領域

生物科學

沙岸對海洋真菌為嚴峻的生存環境，因此其發展出深色與碳質堅硬的子實體以忍受高量的太陽輻射以及與沙粒的摩擦。Arenariomyces spp.、Carbosphaerella leptosphaerioides 以及 Corollospora spp.在全世界的分佈廣泛；其他海洋真菌有明顯地理分佈範圍，閉囊殼子囊真菌只於丹麥沙丘上發現，Antennospora quadricornuta及Torpedospora radiata多分佈於熱帶及亞熱帶。過去對於沙岸海洋真菌的研究只侷限於墨西哥、葡萄牙及丹麥。臺灣過去曾紀錄有9 種沙岸上的海洋真菌，但考慮到臺灣有超過20個沙岸，這樣的多樣性略低。Corollospora為常見的沙棲性海洋真菌屬，可在砂礫上形成子囊果，目前記載有22種。Corollospora屬内菌種有相似的子囊果及子囊孢子，不同種主要由子囊孢子大小、顏色、分隔數量及子囊孢子附屬器來區別。一項以28S rDNA對10種Corollospora進行親源關係的研究顯示此屬為多係群；由於末端分支的低支持度，其種間的親源關係尚未被確認，因此必須使用更多分類群來進行多基因親源關係分析。本研究將檢視：（1)臺灣沙棲性海洋真菌多樣性，和(2)臺灣沙棲性海洋真菌的親源關係，特別是優勢屬Corollospora。本計畫將於5個大型沙灘進行海洋真菌樣本採集。菌株分離後將以18S、ITS、28S rDNA、RPB1、RPB2、TEF1-a及MCM7進行多基因親源關係分析。臺灣的海岸線提供海洋真菌多樣的棲息環境，目前共記錄109種海洋真菌，持續的紀錄將增加臺灣海洋真菌名冊。 Sandy beach is a harsh environment for marine fungi, which can tolerate high irradiation of sunlight and abrasion by sand through the production of dark-coloured and carbonaceous fruiting bodies. Arenariomyces spp., Carbosphaerella leptosphaerioides and Corollospora spp. form a stable fungal community around the world while other species exhibit distinct geographical distributions; cleistothecial ascomycetes were found in Danish sand dunes and Antennospora quadricornuta and Torpedospora radiata have more tropical/subtropical distributions. Previous studies on marine fungi of sandy beaches were restricted to a few locations, such as Mexico, Portugal and Denmark. In Taiwan, there was one previous studies reporting nine species of marine fungi on sandy beaches which are considered a low diversity considering that Taiwan has over 20 sandy beaches. Corollospora is a common genus in sandy beaches forming ascomata on sand grains with 22 species. Species of Corollospora possess similar gross morphology of ascomata and ascospores while different species are delineated based on ascospore size, colour and septation pattern and ascospore appendages. A previous study has investigated the 28S rDNA phylogeny of 10 Corollospora species and found it is a paraphyletic genus. Due to the low supports of the terminal branches, inter-specific relationships could not be resolved. More taxon sampling and a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis are required to resolve the phylogeny of Corollospora. In this study, we examine: (1) the diversity of marine fungi on sandy beaches of Taiwan, and (2) the phylogeny of marine fungi isolated from sandy beaches of Taiwan, especially the dominant genus Corollospora. Five major sandy beaches including Shalun Beach (沙畜海水浴場)，Yongzhen Seaside Park (永鎮海濱公園)，Jici Beach (磯崎海水浴場)，Shanyuan Beach (杉原海水浴場）and Kenting Beach (墾丁海水浴場）will be sampled for marine fungi. Fungi isolated (especially Corollospora species) will be subjected to phylogenetic analysis based on seven genes (18S, ITS, 28S rDNA, RPB1, RPB2, TEF1-a and MCM7). Coastline of Taiwan provides diverse habitats for marine fungi. Until now, 109 marine fungi are recorded in Taiwan and many novel taxa await formal description. Continued documentation adds to the inventory of fungi in Taiwan. Marine fungi produce diverse natural products with anti-viral, -bacterial, -fungal, -protozoan and -cancerous properties while many marine fungi are endemic in Taiwan, including Pileomyces formosanus, Tinhaudeus formosanus, Natantispora unipolaris and Dactylospora vrijmoediae. Isolation of these fungi into culture and subsequent screening of bioactive natural products may prove the pharmaceutical values of these fungi.

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Marine Fungi of Sandy Beaches in Taiwan and Their Phylogeny

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