Physiological Adaptations of Sediment Fungi Isolated at Kueishan Island to Temperature and Salinity Stress through Transcriptomic Analysis

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Project title

Code/計畫編號

MOST106-2621-M019-002

Translated Name/計畫中文名

淺海熱泉作為氣候變遷現象之模板：生物多樣性和海洋資源之永續合作研究、保育、教育倡議-以轉錄體分析研究龜山島底泥真菌對溫度及鹽度之生理調節機制

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Ka-Lai Pang

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Institute of Marine Biology

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=12283437

Year

2017

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2017

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-07-2018

Bugetid/研究經費

1084千元

ResearchField/研究領域

大氣科學

龜山島南面水深深度10 到80 公尺處有熱泉及火山氣體常年噴發之海底熱泉系統。在進行中的計畫已於海底熱泉附近採集到底泥及螃蟹樣本，已從其中分離出20 株真菌，包括麴黴屬 (Aspergillus)、青黴菌屬 (Penicillium) 和擔子菌 Rigidosporus vinctus。底泥樣本之基因體DNA 已成功萃取並使用真菌專一引子擴增其核醣體DNA。然而對龜山島熱泉系統值得探討的問題還有很多：(1)這些菌株是否為海洋種? (2)這些菌株是否可生長於如海底熱泉的低酸鹼值及高溫環境? (3)這些真菌在海底熱泉系統中的生理反應及適應機制為何？因此本一年期計畫研究目的為利用已分離出的真菌菌株在不同生長條件下之轉錄體變化，研究(1)從龜山島海底熱泉底泥及動物分離出之真菌在不同溫度及酸鹼值下生長之生理反應；和(2)這些真菌在低酸鹼值及高溫下生長的生理調控機制。龜山島海底熱泉為重要的初級生產生態系統，為相鄰生態系統中其它生物的重要營養來源。任何環境干擾包括酸鹼值及溫度變化都可能影響龜山島海底熱泉系統中微生物群落的狀態，包括真菌，細菌和古細菌，間接影響週邊生態系統。龜山島底泥真菌的轉錄體研究可增進單一或結合不同環境因子 (溫度、酸鹼值) 的改變對其生長之影響，即分解者群落在物理及化學壓力下的改變。Kueishan Island is a volcanic island lying just outside Yilan County. In the southern end of the island, there are hydrothermal vent systems, with depth ranging from 10 m to 80 m, constantly emitting hydrothermal fluids (fluid temperature between 48 C and 116 C) and volcanic gases. Marine microorganisms including bacteria, archaea and fungi are literally unknown, yet they play important ecological roles in this unique ecosystem. Our ongoing MOST project investigates the diversity of fungi in substrates collected near the hydrothermal vents at Kueishan Island. A total of 20 isolates of fungi were cultured from sediment and crab samples. Asexual fungi were dominant from these samples, especially those in the Eurotiales (Aspergillus, Penicillium) and only one basidiomycete, Rigidosporus vinctus, was isolated. Genomic DNA was successfully extracted from sediment samples collected near the hydrothermal vent at Kueishan Island. PCR was also successful using the fungal-specific primer pairs to amplify partial regions of the rDNA. There are some unanswered questions: (1) are these fungi are marine? (2) can these fungi grow at low pH and high temperature, conditions near the hydrothermal vents? and (3) what are the physiological response and adaptation of these fungi in such conditions? Therefore, the objectives of this 1-year project are: (1) to examine the physiological response of the fungi isolated from sediment and animal samples collected at Kueishan Island when grown in various pH and temperatures, and (2) to investigate the mechanisms behind the physiological adaptations by the fungi isolated from sediment and animal samples collected at Kueishan Island grown in low pH and high temperature conditions. Transcriptome of the fungi isolated from Kueishan Island grown in combinations of pH and temperatures will be examined. Hydrothermal vents at Kueishan Island constitute an important ecosystem for primary production. Being a shallow water hydrothermal vent system, a combination of chemo- and photoautotrophy by chemoautotrophic bacteria and photoautotrophic organisms is likely to be a characteristic of the system which is an important source of nutrients for other organisms in the same and neighbouring ecosystems. Any environmental disturbances including changes in temperature and pH will likely affect the well-being of microorganism at Kueishan Island, including both fungi, bacteria and archaea. Transcriptomic analysis of fungi isolated from sediments at Kueishan Island will enhance our understanding on the individual and combined effects of change of environmental factors (temperature, pH) on their survival, i.e. health of the degrader community in the system under physical and chemical stress. (3.島嶼與海岸棲地與海洋資源的保育、復育與生態系功能維護) Previous functional screens of metagenomics libraries have identified novel enzymes, antibiotics and other reagents genes which are of medical, agricultural and industrial values. (3.生物多樣性資源之永續發展) It is in the hope that novel genes will be discovered from the transcriptomic library.

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Physiological Adaptations of Sediment Fungi Isolated at Kueishan Island to Temperature and Salinity Stress through Transcriptomic Analysis

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