Construction of a Queuing Pricing Model with Composite Function of External Cost and Its Application(I)

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基本資料

Project title

Code/計畫編號

MOST109-2410-H019-006-MY2

Translated Name/計畫中文名

建構內含外部成本的合成函數等候定價模式及其應用(1/2)

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Chen-Hsiu Laih

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Department of Merchant Marine

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=13534269

Year

2020

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2020

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-07-2021

Bugetid/研究經費

635千元

ResearchField/研究領域

經濟學

瓶頸設施的等候定價模式旨在探討如何制定有效的收費方式，以改善使用者因瓶頸設施(場域)容量不足而形成排隊等候的非效率狀態。目前等候定價模式是基於同質使用者在單一變數(即使用者到達時刻)之條件下建構使用者到達時刻與收費架構之間的線性關係，此種背景假設較為單純，與實際情況有一定程度的落差，故目前等候定價模式之實用性仍嫌不足。另一方面，使用者在排隊等候進入瓶頸設施(場域)的情況下，除了本身所承受之排隊等候時間成本以及時程延滯成本以外，尚存在因排隊等候所造成的空氣污染等外部成本；但目前等候定價模式僅考量使用者個人成本，未顧慮因環境污染等外部效果所造成的社會成本。針對上述之模式缺失以及追求本研究之模式創新，申請人考量使用者異質性且兼顧低碳環境永續性，將等候成本與外部成本以合成函數形態導入使用者成本函數中，建構內含外部成本的合成函數等候定價模式。此舉除了將以往較單純的線性模式發展成符合排隊等候現況之非線性模式外，並將排隊等候所造成之外部成本內部化，促使等候定價模式更趨客觀與公正，是本研究模式創新的最大亮點。本研究分別探討道路範疇與海運範疇下之模式建構(空運因其高度管制性以及乘客人身安全等敏感因素，未考慮於本研究之建構範疇內)。道路範疇之研究對象為汽機車混流之台北內湖瓶頸路段。海運範疇則依港埠與運河等不同類型排隊等候情況之差異，選擇性質不同的研究對象。港埠以排放管制區域新法規下之高雄港為研究對象；運河則依通行規定與環境條件之不同，區分為新蘇伊士運河與新巴拿馬運河等兩個研究對象。本研究為期三年，第一年計畫中，將分別針對上述四個研究對象建立內含外部成本之異質使用者非線性成本函數，並據此計算出各研究對象之使用者均衡成本。第二年計畫中，將分別推導出適用於該四個研究對象之零等候以及階梯式收費架構，以消除或減少非效率的排隊等候時間。第三年計畫中，將分別計算該四個研究對象在零等候與階梯式收費架構實施前、後所有使用者之到達率，並據此推導出他們的到達時刻移動軌跡，以瞭解等候定價對於使用者產生的等候減少效果與到達時刻變化。最後完成三年研究成果中該四個研究對象之新建等候定價模式的程式撰寫及其電腦模擬分析。本研究之理論架構及研究成果不僅可填補目前等候定價學術研究的缺口，亦對於等候定價的實務運作有所助益。The queuing pricing is to explore how to establish an effective toll scheme to improve the inefficiency of queuing situation due to the restriction of capacity of a bottleneck. At present, the queuing pricing model is based on a single variable (user arrival time) to construct a linear relationship between the variable and the pricing scheme. This relatively simple background hypothesis has a certain degree of difference with the actual situation, so the practicality of the current queuing pricing model is still insufficient. Besides that, when users wait in line to enter a bottleneck, in addition to the queuing time cost and schedule delay cost that they are subject to, there are external environmental pollution caused by waiting in line. However, the current queuing pricing model only considers the two personal costs of users, ignores the negative external effects caused by external costs. In response to the above deficiencies, this study constructs a new queuing pricing model in the form of the composite function of the user's arrival time by considering the characteristics of heterogeneous users and concerning the low-carbon environmental sustainability. Compared with the current linear queuing pricing model, this study not only develops a nonlinear model to improve the degree of similarity between this model and the actual situation of queuing, but also incorporates the external cost into the aforementioned composite function. This study will develop the queuing pricing model containing composite functions and external costs under the road category and shipping category. The location of the road category is the bottleneck section of Taipei Neihu under the condition of mixed steam and locomotive. In the maritime category, port and canal are selected as different research objects. The port is selected as Kaohsiung Port under the new regulations of the Emission Control Area. In addition, the new Suez Canal and the new Panama Canal are selected according to the different regulations and environmental conditions. This is a three-year project. In the first year, we will establish a heterogeneous user nonlinear cost function with external costs for each of the above four research objects, and the user equilibrium cost for each research object will be calculated accordingly. In the second year, we will derive the time-varying toll and the step toll schemes for each of these four research objects. These two toll schemes can eliminate and reduce the inefficient queuing time, respectively. In the third year, we calculate the user arrival rates before and after the implementation of the two toll schemes for each of these four research objects. According to these results, we can derive the movement trajectories of all users from no-toll to the tolled cases. Finally, we complete the programming of the three-year research results, and the simulation analysis of these four research objects. The theoretical framework and research results of this study will not only fill the research gaps in academic research of queuing pricing, but also contribute to the practical operations in queuing pricing.

Keyword(s)

外部成本
合成函數
瓶頸
等候定價
異質使用者
external cost
composite function
bottleneck
queuing pricing
heterogeneous user

DSpace CRIS

Construction of a Queuing Pricing Model with Composite Function of External Cost and Its Application(I)

基本資料

Description