Analysis of Applying Anti-Terrorism Mechanisms in Taiwan$S International Ports and the Vulnerability of Harbor Security

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Project title

Code/計畫編號

MOST105-2410-H019-004

Translated Name/計畫中文名

臺灣國際商港執行反恐機制與港口保全脆弱度分析

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Chung-Ping Liu

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Department of Merchant Marine

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=11896224

Year

2016

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2016

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-07-2017

Bugetid/研究經費

400千元

ResearchField/研究領域

交通運輸

"近年來，自911事件發生後，國際社會對於海上恐怖主義相關議題備受高度重視。乃因一旦港口或航線水域發生大型海上恐怖攻擊事件，不僅可能造成大規模人員傷亡與財物損失，還會對國際安全與海洋商業活動造成嚴重衝擊。是故，如何針對海洋安全環境、海上運輸工業與港口保全所面臨的威脅，進行必要的脆弱性分析與風險評估，將是研討國際海上恐怖主義發展與國際反恐政策不可忽略的重要課題。國際海事組織(International Maritime Organization, IMO)為因應前述恐怖事件緣由，意識到強化海事保安等議題趨勢，並於2002年12月通過國際海上人命安全公約(International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, SOLAS)有關海事安全一系列的之規章，其中尤以推行國際船舶和港口設施保全章程(International Ship and Port Facility Security Code, ISPS Code)甚為積極。然臺灣國際商港在執行港口保全作為上，除須符合ISPS Code規範與反恐任務外，港口内CIQS (Customs海關、Immigration證照查驗、Quarantine檢疫、Security measures安檢)各業務檢查機關亦需擔負相關安全檢查工作，惟相關檢查單位多且無隸屬關係，因而常造成橫向協調聯繫不佳或案件發生通報機制的未能落實情形，諸如船員夾帶大陸農產品或槍枝及毒品走私、危險品運送等管制未落實等港安缺失狀況，由此可見我國於反恐機制及港口保全制度上仍存有明顯的改善空間。當前全球各國際商港與海洋環境呈現出許多容易遭受海上恐怖攻擊的弱點，因此針對海上恐怖主義之反恐行動，必須針對相關脆弱度進行彌補與事前防禦，故而完善地港口保全作為是當前海上反恐的重要基礎防線。面對港口及其所屬海洋環境可能產生各種的恐怖攻擊行動情形，由於可藉由歷史案例推演外，加上相關CIQS通關作業脆弱度分析，具有已知與未知之數理運算的灰色與模糊特性，故將透過灰色關聯性分析(Grey Relational Analysis, GRA)以及 Fuzzy TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution)等數量模式，進行評估各種危害國際商港情形之脆弱性所在及其可能性，將有助於航政主管機管掌握海上恐怖主義的發展趨勢，找出國際商港主要反恐機制及港口保全脆弱之處，藉以強化所擬定相關反恐之港口保全措施與應變機制。""After 911 events in recent years, to maritime terrorism-related issues was took much serious for the international society. Once the large-scale terror attack events occur within offshore waters or ports, it may cause not only massive casualties and property losses, but also serious impact on international security and maritime business activities. Therefore, it’s really necessary to carry on vulnerability analysis and risk assessment of threats to the marine environment, maritime transport industry and port maintenance in studying development of international maritime terrorism and anti-terrorism policies. To cope with terrorist incidents, International Maritime Organization (IMO) realized the trend to strengthen maritime security and related issues. And then it passed the series of maritime safety regulations for the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea(SOLAS) in December 2002. The implementation of the International Ship and Port Facility preservation statute (ISPS Code) has been paid attention especially. The port preservation implementation in Taiwan's international port must comply with the ISPS Code specification anti-terrorism mission. Meanwhile Port CIQS (Customs, Immigration, Quarantine, Security measures) inspection authorities should take on various business related safety inspections. However, these relevant inspection units may have no subordination relations.. Thus poor horizontal coordination or failing to implement the notification mechanism of the incident happened all the time, such as Continental agricultural products entrainment by crew, guns and drugs smuggling, and transportation control defects of dangerous goods. It showed the significant room for improvement in anti-terrorism institutional mechanism and Port preservation issues for Taiwan. The current global international commercial port and the marine environment present a lot of vulnerable weakness when encountering maritime terrorist attacks. . Therefore, action against terrorism at sea must make up the vulnerability and defense in advancefor. Thus, perfectly port preservation was an important basic defense of the current maritime anti-terrorism task. To overcome the scenarios of a variety of terror attack happening within the port and its affiliated marine environment encounteringdeducting the history cases and carrying on the vulnerability analysis of related CIQS customs clearance operations that contains a Grey and Fuzzy characteristics of the known and unknown mathematical operations will help assess the various vulnerabilities and possibility which may harm international port circumstances by the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) and Fuzzy TOPSIS and other quantitative model. It will do a favor for the shipping administration authority to grasp the development trend of maritime terrorism, identify major international port and harbor anti-terrorism mechanism to preserve fragile places, and thereby strengthen the preservation of the port-related counter-terrorism measures and contingency mechanism."

Keyword(s)

反恐機制
港口保全
脆弱度
國際商港
恐怖主義
Anti-Terrorism Mechanism
Port Security
Vulnerability
International Commercial Ports
Terrorism

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Analysis of Applying Anti-Terrorism Mechanisms in Taiwan$S International Ports and the Vulnerability of Harbor Security

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