Effects of Fertilizing Clam Culturing Ponds on Composition of Functional Compounds of Cultured Freshwater Clam---Using Tilapia as an Animal Model

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Project title

Code/計畫編號

NSC102-2324-B019-005-CC2

Translated Name/計畫中文名

養殖蜆池育肥對蜆機能性成份及功效之影響

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Jenn-Shou Tsai

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Department of Food Science

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=2885028

Year

2013

Start date/計畫起

01-02-2013

Expected Completion/計畫迄

01-12-2013

Bugetid/研究經費

3400千元

ResearchField/研究領域

食品科技(農)

本計畫發展養殖蜆之育肥技術，試驗以生物餌料 (輪蟲、混合藻)、大豆粉發酵液、蜆肉殘渣之水解液，在黃金蜆生長後期加速育肥，對提升蜆產量、肥滿度、機能性成分、蜆全年品質一致性的影響，並建立以吳郭魚為動物模式篩選養殖蜆的機能性，配合蛋白酶水解蜆肉殘渣，分離具降血糖功效之胜肽，開發以蜆為原料，多功效的保健食品。目前業者以魚肥育藻，供養殖蜆濾食，以此種蜆作為控制組，與四種育肥產出之蜆作比較，存活率皆高於 90%，蜆之肥滿度因育肥提升 20-40%，粗蛋白含量無顯著差異，粗脂肪含量以輪蟲及蜆肉殘渣水解物育肥者，顯著高於控制組。育肥餌料之固醇含量越高，蜆之植物固醇含量亦越高，以輪蟲、微藻及蜆肉殘渣水解物育肥者，顯著高於控制組 2.7~12.7%，蜆之脂肪酸以輪蟲及發酵大豆蛋白育肥者較控制組顯著高 11.5~12.8%，蜆之脂溶性色素含量與餌料之色素含量呈正比。以吳郭魚攝取高脂飼料 3 週，可誘導其血漿總膽固醇增加 1.7 倍、HDL 增加 1.5 倍、LDL 增加 1.6 倍，使心臟動脈產生脂肪斑塊，並提高肝體比 1.5 倍、肝臟總膽固醇 2.4 倍、及三酸甘油酯含量 2.3 倍，亦使肝指數 ALT 及 AST 提高、降低肝臟中維生素 A 含量，形成脂肪肝炎。吳郭魚攝食 2% 育肥後之蜆肉，可降低比成長率、血漿中總膽固醇、LDL 濃度、三酸甘油酯、肝體比及肝臟中總膽固醇、三酸甘油酯之含量，提高血漿總抗氧化力。蜆肉殘渣以 1% 蛋白酶水解，水解物抑制二肽基胜肽酶-4 之 IC50 為 8.24 mg/ml，蜆肉水解物之胜肽 Val-Lys-Pro 之 IC50 為 3.87 mg/ml。 In this project, we investigated (1) the effects of fertilizing the freshwater clam culturing ponds with rotifers, microalga, fermented soybean meal, or proteinase-hydrolyzed residual meat from the production of freshwater clam essence ； (2) the functional properties of the clams so cultured with special emphasis on preventive cardiovascular diseases, using tilapia as an alternative animal model； and (3) the inhibitory effects of proteinasehydrolyzed clam meat on dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) for hypoglycemia. Clams filtered-fed with microalgae from pond fertilized with fish drop was used as control. The survial rates of clams from the 4 fertilized ponds and control were higher than 90%. Fattedness of fertilized clams increased 20-40% compared to the control. There were no significant difference in protein content of all fertilized clam. Clam fertilizrd with rotifers and clam residual meat showed higher crude fat content than the control. Clam fed on fertilized feed with higer phytosterol content produced clams of higer phytosterol content being 2.7-12.7% higher than the control. Fatty acid content of the fertilized clam were 11.5-12.8% higher than the control. Linear regression analyses indicated that oil-soluble pigments content of freshwater clams correlated linearly with the pigment contents in the fertilized feeds. Cardiovascular diseases and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were induced in tilapia. However, when the tilapia fed high-fat diet containing 2% (d.w.) fertilized freshwater clam, significantly reduced total cholesterol, LDL, triacylglycerol concertration in plasma, and increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in plasma, in addition to lowering HSI, totoal cholesterol, and triacylglycerol content in liver. Freshwater clam residual meat was hydrolyzed with 1% ProtamexR to obtain freshwater clam hydrolysate, of which soluble protein, peptide and carbohydrate was 694.6±1.3 mg/g, 179.70±0.90 mg/g, 365.3±4.8 mg/g, respectivily. The hydrolysate exibited inhibition on DPP4 with an IC50 of 8.24 mg/ml. Freshwater clam hydrolysate was membrane-filtrated. The amino acid sequence of the active tripeptide in the hydrolysate was Val-Lys-Pro, of which the IC50 was 3.87 mg/ml.

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Effects of Fertilizing Clam Culturing Ponds on Composition of Functional Compounds of Cultured Freshwater Clam---Using Tilapia as an Animal Model

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