Studies on Fishery Biological Distribution, Biological Significance and Origin of Tetrodotoxin and Paralytic Shellfish Poison (III)

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簡歷

基本資料

Project title

Code/計畫編號

NSC89-2313-B019-075

Translated Name/計畫中文名

河魨毒、麻痹性貝毒在魚貝類之分佈、生物意義和來源探討(III)

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Deng-Fwu Hwang

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Department of Food Science

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=553414

Year

2000

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2000

Expected Completion/計畫迄

01-07-2001

Bugetid/研究經費

1546千元

ResearchField/研究領域

漁業
食品科技(農)

海洋生物毒中之河魨毒和麻痺性貝毒造成台灣㆞區多起之食物㆗毒案例。由海星之河魨毒和麻痺性貝毒全年毒性資料得知其河魨毒來源主要來自兩種肉食螺類，季節為 9-11 月，而麻痺性貝毒之來源可能為毒藻 Alexandrium minutum，季節為 12-3 月間。此毒藻之生長及產毒會受生存水域環境與營養因子影響，並已建立其最適生長及產毒條件因子。藻體毒素之組成種類皆為 GTX1-4，不隨生長階段及環境或營養而改變，各成分之組成百分比在各生長階段變化皆不明顯。本實驗同時單離出 3 種胞外共生菌與 5 種胞內菌，發現均不具 PSP 生產性另外探討植物生長激素多元胺對毒藻生長與產毒之影響，在內生性多元胺方面，毒藻 A. minutum 生長週期㆗之游離態與結合態之多元胺種類皆含 putrescine、 cadaverine 、 spermine 、 spermidine 與 norspermidine，在生長初期藻體之多元胺以游離態為主，進入對數生長期後後轉變為以結合態者為主，其㆗以結合態之 putrescine 與 cadaverine 所佔之比例最高。在外因性多元胺對藻體生長產毒之影響探討㆖，發現 putrescine 、 cadaverine 與 spermidine 的添加可約略促進藻體生長，而毒成分則皆為 GTX1-4。採集 5 種食用㆓枚貝，餵食毒藻 A. minutum，發現其對毒藻之耐受性以西施舌貝與淡菜＞文蛤＞海瓜子＞牡蠣。西施舌貝之毒蓄積部位主要為 ㆗腸腺，而高頻率餵食者較間斷餵食者亦蓄積藻毒，其蓄毒成分與藻毒所含者相似，皆為 GTX1-4，但餵食期間貝毒成分會逐漸由 GTX1,4 轉變為 GTX2,3。Marine toxins, especially tetrodotoxin (TTX) and paralytic shellfish poisons (PSPs), have caused lots of food incidents in Taiwan. According to the toxicity data, starfish Astropecter scoparius contained both TTX and PSP. TTX sources of A. scoparius were thought to be the gastropods Umborium suturale and Veremolpa scabra while PSP source was thought to be the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum. A. scoparius accumulated TTX more frequently in Sep. to Nov. while PSP in Dec. to Mar. On the other hand, the growth and toxicity of A. minutum would be affected by environmental and nutritional factors. The optimal condition for A. minutum to grow and produce toxin was fully elucidated. The toxin components of A. minutum were found to be gonyautoxins (GTX) 1-4 only. The effects of bacteria, isolated from A. minutum, on the growth and toxicity of A. minutum were studied. Three intracellular bacteria species and 5 extracellular bacteria species were determined to have non-PSP-producing ability. This study also focuses on the regulation of alga cell growth and toxin 1 production by endogenous and exogenous polyamines. Both free and conjugated polyamines in A. minutum contained putrescine (Put), cadaverine (Cad), spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd), and norspermidine (Norspd). The levels of conjugated polyamines were higher than free polyamines since the exponential phase. Once the exogenous polyamines including Put, Cad, and Norspd were slightly supplemented into the medium, the growth of A. minutum was elevated. The toxin components of A. minutum were involved of GTX1-4 only in spite of culturing with different exogenous polyamines. The resistibility of bivalves to A. minutum was as follows: purple clam, mussel, surf clam, hard clam, and oyster according to the data of LC50 (medium lethal concentration). All five species had low susceptibility to PSP based on intramuscular injection. Additionally, the toxicity was abundantly accumulated in the digestive gland of purple clam in both high and low exposure-feeding groups. Interestingly, the levels of PSP in the digestive gland of both groups were varied obviously, however, the toxin profile in the digestive gland of purple clam was initially similar to that of A. minutum.

Keyword(s)

河魨毒
麻痺性貝毒
海星
渦鞭毛藻
多元胺
共生菌
Tetrodotoxin (TTX)
paralytic shellfish poisons (PSP)
starfish
dinoflagellate
Alexandrium minutum
polyamine
bacteria

DSpace CRIS

Studies on Fishery Biological Distribution, Biological Significance and Origin of Tetrodotoxin and Paralytic Shellfish Poison (III)

基本資料

Description