Risk Assessment of Seafood Safety on Ciguatoxin and Vitamin a in the Liver of Wild Big-Type Coral Reef Fish Groupers (Epinephelus Lanceolatus and E. Fustcoguttatus)

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Project title

Code/計畫編號

MOST108-2314-B019-001

Translated Name/計畫中文名

珊瑚礁大型野生魚類龍膽石斑和老虎石斑肝臟中西卡毒素及高量維生素A之食用風險評估

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Deng-Fwu Hwang

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Department of Food Science

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=13122980

Year

2019

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2019

Expected Completion/計畫迄

01-07-2020

Bugetid/研究經費

1480千元

ResearchField/研究領域

食品科技(農)

石斑魚 (groupers) 為生長於熱帶及亞熱帶海域之石斑魚屬 (Epinephelus) 或喙鱸屬 (Mycteroperca)魚類，其經濟價值非常高，經過加工後往往難以識別其種類，故有時會被不肖的商人因經濟利益考量以便宜的魚種取代。石斑魚為可能含有熱帶性海魚毒的魚種之一，其毒素多以食物鏈的方式累積在魚體之魚肉、皮膚和內臟等處，尤其是肝臟和內臟部位所累積的毒素最為多，通常魚的體型越大累積的毒素含量越多。而長期食用大量動物之肝臟、魚肝油或服用高劑量補充劑，往往是造成維生素 A 中毒之主因，因肝臟是人體和動物體內儲存維他命A的主要器官，攝取過量維生素 A容易導致急、慢性中毒的情形產生。龍虎石斑(E. fuscoguttatus × E. lanceolatus)因其生長快、口感佳、營養價值及經濟價值高，是近年來臺灣沿海新興的養殖石斑魚種。其為龍膽石斑 (Epinephelus lanceolatus) 及老虎石斑 (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)雜交而來。本研究第一部分主要是進行親緣性比較，以龍虎石斑之 DNA 經聚合酶連鎖反應 (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) 擴增核基因 RYR3 並進行定序，得到 RYR3 的等位基因序列後，再至NCBI 資料庫進行比對。結果發現，其與 genbank 上具有龍膽石斑及老虎石斑之雜交種及老虎石斑魚這兩種魚之基因親緣性最高 (> 99%)。再结合母系遺傳的粒線體 DNA 基因的同源比對结果，則可確定其母系為老虎石斑，父系為龍膽石斑。第二部分主要在分析龍虎石斑及龍膽石斑肝臟的一般成分、熱帶性海魚毒及維生素 A 的含量。研究結果顯示，人工養殖的龍虎石斑肝臟之水分含量約為 52.4%，粗蛋白約 5.90%，粗脂肪約 16.50%，灰分約 0.82%，碳水化合物約 24.30%，而肝臟之維生素 A 含量平均約為 988.55 IU/g，其魚體大小、肝臟大小與肝臟中維生素 A 之含量並無相關性。此外，本研究檢測之養殖龍虎石斑，其肝臟皆未檢出熱帶性海魚毒。市售之龍膽石斑肝臟之水分含量約為 53.91%，粗蛋白約 8.68%，粗脂肪約 15.73%，灰分約 0.75%，碳水化合物約 19.32%，而肝臟之維生素 A 含量平均約為 1,544.03 IU/g。雖本研究中龍膽石斑經檢測皆沒有熱帶性海魚毒之風險，但在實驗中有超過20 Kg的樣品其肝臟也較大，故也檢測出高含量的維生素 A。因此為減少之中毒風險，大型龍膽石斑 ( 20 kg) 之肝臟仍建議避免攝食。Groupers are generally referred to as Epinephelus or Mycteroperca fish which distributed in tropical and subtropical waters of the world. Because of their high economic value, and difficult to identify their species after processing. They are often replaced by cheaper and similar fish for economic reasons. Groupers may contain tropical marine fish poison. The toxins are mostly accumulated in the flesh, skin, and viscera of fish through the food chain, especially the liver and viscera accumulate the most toxins. The larger the fish body, the more toxins will accumulate. Long-term consumption of large amounts of animal liver, fish liver oil or high-dose supplements are often the main causes of vitamin A poisoning. The liver is the main organ for storing vitamin A in humans and animals. Excessive intake of vitamin A can easily lead to acute and chronic poisoning. E. fuscoguttatus × E. lanceolatus is a newly cultivated grouper species along the coast of Taiwan in recent years due to its fast growth, good taste, high nutritional value and economic value. It’s a hybrid of E. lanceolatus and E. fuscoguttatus. In the first part of this study, we compare the genetic relationship of different kinds of Groupers. The DNA of the E. fuscoguttatus × E. lanceolatus was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR was used to amplify and sequence the nuclear gene RYR3 to obtain the allelic sequence of RYR3. The homology was compared with NCBI database. The two alleles of RYR3 shared the highest identity with those of E. fuscoguttatus and E. lanceolatus (>99%). Nuclear gene combined with the mitochondrial DNA gene sequencing results. Therefore, we could determine that E. fuscoguttatus was the female parent, while E. lanceolatus was the male parent. The second part is to analyze the general composition, ciguatera toxins and vitamin A in liver of cultured E. fuscoguttatus × E. lanceolatus. The results showed that the average moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash and carbohydrate of the liver in cultured grouper were about 52.47%, 5.90%, 16.50%, 0.82% and 24.30%, respectively. The average cultured E. fuscoguttatus × E. lanceolatus liver was 988.55 IU/g. Regression model shows that there was no relationship between body weight, liver weight and vitamin A level. In addition, The ciguatera toxin of liver in cultured E. fuscoguttatus × E. lanceolatus was not detected. The average moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash and carbohydrate of the liver in commercial E. lanceolatus were about 53.91, 8.68, 15.73, 0.75 and 19.32%, respectively. The average level of vitamin A in commercial E. lanceolatus liver was 1,544.03 IU/g. However, although the ciguatera toxin of liver in commercial E. lanceolatus was not detected, the Regression model shows that the more body weight and liver weight, the higher vitamin A level in liver of commercial E. lanceolatus. Therefore, it is suggested to avoid ingestion the liver of large-sized E. lanceolatus (body weight 20 kg) to reduce the risk of poisoning

Keyword(s)

西卡毒素
維生素 A
珊瑚礁魚類
石斑魚
小鼠生物毒性試驗法
高效液相層析儀
高效液相層析儀串聯二次質譜儀
ciguatoxin
vitamin A
coral reef fish
grouper
mouse bioassay
HPLC
LC-MS/MS

DSpace CRIS

Risk Assessment of Seafood Safety on Ciguatoxin and Vitamin a in the Liver of Wild Big-Type Coral Reef Fish Groupers (Epinephelus Lanceolatus and E. Fustcoguttatus)

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