Forensic Fingerprinting of Biomarker for Oil Spill Characterization and Degradation of Sulfur Heterocycles

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Project title

Code/計畫編號

MOST107-2116-M019-007

Translated Name/計畫中文名

生物指標之指紋鑑識應用於溢油表徵和含硫化合物的降解

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Ying-Ju Chang

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Institute of Earth Sciences

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=12735187

Year

2018

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2018

Expected Completion/計畫迄

01-07-2019

Bugetid/研究經費

1193千元

ResearchField/研究領域

地球科學

石油是當今世界主要能源。人類對石油衍生品的需求提升，亦加速了石油勘探活動，石油開採，運輸，甚至煉油和儲存，每個環節都可能是潛在污染源。為了有效地確定溢油在環境中的行為，識別溢油污染源，在許多與石油有關的環境研究是非常重要的。在石油探勘界中，常以地球化學方法進行石油來源的鑑定，進而找到生油岩，此即所謂油-岩對比技術，此技術主要是利用每種原油皆具有獨特的生物指標化合物，該化合物如同人的指紋一般，具來源專一性，故可藉由組成成份分析、化學指紋(Chemical Fingerprints)提供生油岩有機物的類型、有機物成熟度及沉積環境等資料。該技術與環境污染源的追踨原理相通，故地球化學在環境油污染鑑識或有機質分析技術中，扮演著重要的角色。然而，原油需要經過一系列的加工和精製才能成為各種用途的油品，根據油品的沸點可分為汽油，煤油，柴油和重油等。精煉方法包括蒸餾，烴裂解，催化重整，異構化或烷基化以將重油轉化為更有價值的油，原油在精製後成份將發生怎樣的變異是本研究探討的重點。本研究藉由氣相層析質譜儀與氣相層析脈衝火焰光度檢測器（GC-PFPD）分析總碳氫化合物指紋圖譜、生物指標(Biomarker)、多環芳香烴化合物(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)、油品含硫化合物，瞭解每種油品的圖譜特性，利用油品中所含的生物指標化合物(如:類萜烷與類固烷)具有來源穩定、不易受生物降解及其他風化作用影響等特性，達到有系統的建立油品之化學指紋鑑識資料庫的目的。油品洩漏到環境中勢必遭受到不同程度的風化和生物降解作用，為了瞭解油品含硫成份之風化效應，本研究以實驗室之風化菌蝕實驗，摸擬油品在環境中的風化菌蝕特性，探討洩漏油品之硫成份降解速率。此外，有鑑於油品含硫量與煉製的年份具相關性，藉由油品含硫量分析可作為年代鑑別的依據，故本研究進一步建立油品硫成份與強抗風化成份之降解關係式，作為油品風化程度之評估依據，未來在環境污染鑑定上提供有利之溯源資訊，同時又能釐清油品之製成年代，為油品品質檢測與環境監督提供有效的分析途徑。 Oil is the main source of power in today's world. Human demand for petroleum derivatives is on the rise. This has also accelerated oil exploration, mining, transportation and even oil refining and storage, each of which could be a potential source of pollution. Petroleum contamination is an important issue in soil and groundwater, due to the petroleum products have carcinogenicity and has certain damage to human health and ecosystems. It might have several suspected contaminated sources when oil pipelines or tanks have leaked due to its complicated pipeline in the underground. To effectively determine the fate of spilled oil in the environment and to successfully identify the source(s) of spilled oil and petroleum products is extremely important in many oil-related environmental studies and liability cases. However crude oil needs to undergo a series of processing and refining to become a variety of uses of oil, according to the boiling point of oil can be divided into gasoline, kerosene, diesel and heavy oil. Common refining methods include distillation, hydrocarbon cracking, catalytic reforming, isomerization, or alkylation to convert heavy oil to more valuable oil, whereas crude oil after refining how it will change is worth our detailed discussion. The sulfur compounds in the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PASHs) after burning will release toxic sulfur oxides, but its related research is less, will lead to a large of information can’t pass the study of PAHs. Therefore, we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-pulse flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD) to analyze the compounds in the oil. The fingerprinting and data interpretation techniques discussed include recognition of distribution patterns of petroleum hydrocarbons, oil type screening and differentiation, analysis of “source-specific marker” compounds, determination of diagnostic ratios of specific oil constituents, and application of various statistical and numerical analysis tools. After laboratory testing, access to fresh oil (not weathered) soil and groundwater with leakage to the characteristic factor of the ratio of weathered diesel fuel in order to understand the characteristics of the screening factor of the ratio used in the forensic reliability of spill oil sources.

Keyword(s)

漏油
生物指標化合物
化學指紋圖譜
加氫製程
噻吩
風化特徵
oil spills
biomarker
chemical fingerprinting
hydrotreating
thiophene
weathering characteristics

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Forensic Fingerprinting of Biomarker for Oil Spill Characterization and Degradation of Sulfur Heterocycles

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