Effects of Environmental Changes on the Ecosystem Dynamics Surrounding the Upwelling Zone of Taiwan Bank

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基本資料

Project title

Code/計畫編號

MOST109-2611-M019-006

Translated Name/計畫中文名

環境變遷對台灣淺灘(Taiwan Bank)湧昇區周邊水域生態動力特性影響之研究(Ⅲ)-總計畫及子計畫：環境變遷對台灣淺灘湧昇水域浮游動物群聚多樣性分布之影響

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Ming-An Lee

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction

Co-Investigator(s)/共同執行人

翁進興
葉信明

Department/Unit

Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Science

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=13533744

Year

2020

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2020

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-07-2021

Bugetid/研究經費

1891千元

ResearchField/研究領域

海洋科學

台灣淺灘位於台灣海峽南端，周邊水域具有西太平洋特有的湧昇區、陸棚(淺灘)與大洋非湧昇區及鋒面區等海洋環境特性，亦為我國沿近海域重要漁場之一。而在氣候變遷效應下，隨季節推移來到本海域的大陸沿岸水、南海暖水與黑潮支流等水系對前述微棲地環境的生態系衝擊尚未有完整的探討。本計畫為3年計畫的第3年，主要透過物理模式推導(子計畫1)、現場不同營養位階(i.e. 浮植、浮動與魚類等 )及遙測等三類型資料(子計畫2~4)與漁業科學專家(子計畫5)以跨域調查(含湧昇區與鋒面區及陸棚與大洋非湧昇區)確立周邊水域湧昇區、鋒面區及非湧昇區之環境特徵及不同營養位階的生物群集特性，藉由Ecopath模式驗證與Ecosim/Ecospace模擬工作發展本海域不同環境區之生態系動態模式，瞭解在台灣淺灘周邊不同微環境之生態系動態特性之差異。迄今為止，已進行夏季及春季水文環境與浮游生物採集暨多次漁業資源生物採集工作，初步發現(以夏季為例)湧升現象的冷水中心大致出現在測站11(台灣淺灘的南側50公尺)附近。至於浮游動物之採集顯示，各測站密度(density, ind./m3)介於195.65-1917.39 ind./m3之間，以橈足類(3441.16 ind./m3，41.31 %)的比率最高，最優勢物種為錐形寬水蚤，其密度為368.96 ind./m3(10.72 %)，其次依序為麗隆水蚤(331.42 ind./m3，9.63 %)、針刺擬哲水蚤(285.39 ind./m3，8.29 %)；仔稚魚方面，本次共採集到1797尾仔稚魚，以蝦虎魚科(16.65%)、箕作布氏筋魚(15.33%)及刺公鯷(9.04%)為前三大優勢魚種。而漁業生物則發現有12科25種，各月別間之物種組成略有不同，至於主要漁業物種-小鱗脂眼鯡之攝食餌料生物多為魚類、哲水蚤、糠蝦等，並根據氮穩定同位素之結果所推估之生態位階約為4.11，有趣的是小鱗脂眼鯡也是鬼頭刀等物種的餌料生物。此外，底泥與底棲生物(如天竺鯛、箕作布氏筋魚等)亦被採集與分析。有鑑於臺灣淺灘水文環境主要受到大陸沿岸水、南海水及黑潮支流的影響，因此不同季節間的水團交匯情形及其(如小鱗脂眼鯡)對生物生態影響程度與營養位階變化，將是我們後續想了解的重點。 Taiwan Bank was located in the south of Taiwan Strait. Due to the influence of seasonal monsoon with the offshore currents of Kuroshio branch, Mainland China Coastal Current and South China Sea Warm current, the micro-habitat zones such as upwelling and thermal fronts were formed and then bring various pelagic/demersal fishes by season to form the fishing ground in the waters surrounding the Taiwan Bank. However, the ocean environments and ecosystems were possibly influenced by the climate variability index such as the increase of sea surface temperature in Taiwan Strait. In addition, the study focusing on the effects of environmental change on ecosystem dynamics was rare in the waters surrounding the Taiwan Bank.Therefore, we will examine the seasonal marine environmental characteristics and their change possibly influenced by the climate change and variability, and then to develop the ecosystem dynamics model for explaining the possibility of match/mismatch hypothesis happening in these ecosystem zones near to the waters around Taiwan Bank in the 3-year (2018/8-2021/7) project. In August 2018 and April and June 2019, three studied field surveys with 42 CTD stations were conducted to investigate the marine environment characteristics with the plankton sampler and pelagic fish of torch-lighted fishery in this area. Till now, our results indicated that the center of upwelling zone in summertime was located near to the 50 meter isopleth at the south of Taiwan Bank using the physical model and field data. The copepod with the abundance 3441.16 ind./m3 (41.31 %) was identified and dominated in the zooplankton sampler. The first 3 dominant species in summer were including Temora turbinata (10.72%), Oncaea venusta (9.63%) and Canthocalanus pauper (8.29%), respectively. In addition, the 1797 sampler of ichthyoplankton were also collected and suggested that the Gobiidae(16.65%), Bleekeria mitsukurii (15.33%), and Encrasicholina punctifer (9.04%) were the dominant species in summertime. In addition, the monthly species composition was varied by month. The round herring may be the key species in summer. Its prey include the small fish, copepod and shrimp. The isotope analysis suggested the trophic level is about 4.11, even if it was also predated by the pelagic species such as dolphin fish. Otherwise, the heavy metal concentration of sediment were also analyzed. Finally, we also examine the marine environmental characteristics was possibly influenced by the water of South China Sea and Kuroshio branch current. In last year, the field survey with the commercial species sampling will be subsequently conducted with the Ecopath with Ecosim/Ecospace software. The preliminary result in the first two years will be available as the initial setting to develop the ecosystem dynamics model and to reconstruct food-web models of upwelling, thermal front and other micro-habitat ecosystems, and then to investigate for the association to grazing food chain and ecosystem dynamics model in this study. The outcomes of these simulations can then be used to modify the initial parameterization, and the simulations are rerun until external validation is achieved.

Keyword(s)

台灣淺灘
湧昇區
溫度鋒面
生態系動態特性
穩定同位素分析
Taiwan Bank
upwelling zone
thermal front
Ecosystem dynamics
the stable isotopes analysis

DSpace CRIS

Effects of Environmental Changes on the Ecosystem Dynamics Surrounding the Upwelling Zone of Taiwan Bank

基本資料

Description