Biotechnology in aquaculture in Taiwan. In: T. Barth, K.T. Wang, I C. Liao, T. Vanek and S.T. Chen (eds.)

Abstract

The research and development efforts in Taiwan on biotechnology in aquaculture has been brought about by the need to revitalize an aquaculture industry plagued with, among others, environmental problems, disease outbreaks, and high operating costs. Current R&D efforts around the world on biotechnology in aquaculture include the establishment of cryopreservation and cell culture and the development of techniques for gene transfer and recombination. In Taiwan, preliminary studies on biotechnology and its use on aquaculture include cryopreservation of gametes, chromosome manipulation, disease diagnoses and vaccination, and gene transfer of various species, such as tilapia, milkfish, mullet, loach, black porgy, carp, grouper, eel, prawn, oyster, hard clam, and small abalone. Already, mature technologies and practical applications of some studies have been extended to aquafarmers in Taiwan. Despite these initial efforts and results, there is still a need for more conventional and advanced biotechnological studies, focusing on such issues as establishing gene pools by cryopreservation of gametes and embryos, developing sensitive disease diagnoses and effective vaccines, and improving aquacultural production through gene manipulation. With these and the corresponding applicable technologies and other factors, the revitalization and sustainability of the aquaculture industry in Taiwan should be easily attainable.