Nanotip-assisted photoreduction of silver nanostructures on chemically patterned ferroelectric crystals for surface enhanced Raman scattering

Abstract

Nanotips made of metal and semiconductor have been widely utilized in versatile applications to strengthen the electric field through lightning rod effect and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. Here, we present the utilization of ferroelectric nanotips to assist photoreduction of silver nanostructures for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Ferroelectric nanotips with spontaneous polarization posses the unique feature of producing the permanent electrostatic field without requiring external excitation, which differs from the present nanotips requiring electrical and optical excitation. The enhanced electrostatic field promotes the formation of silver nanoparticles by reducing the effect of Stern layer and accelerating the movement of photoelectrons and silver ions to the template surface. Experimental results show that sharp ferroelectric nanotips facilitate the formation of large-diameter nanoparticles with strong LSPR action. Compared to the conventional ferroelectric templates, the SERS substrates using nanotip-equipped ferroelectric templates produce 5.51 times larger Raman intensity, which can be further increased by >10.76 times by increasing the reaction time. The proposed SERS substrate owns the limit of detection <10−8 M and the enhancement factor of 2.3 × 109. The presented ferroelectric nanotips with permanent electrostatic field would open promising applications in the versatile areas, such as nanomaterial fabrication and optoelectronic devices.