Investigation of low pulse repetition passively mode-locked Nd:YVO4 lasers via multi-pass periodic trajectories in a confocal cavity

Abstract

We derive the parametric equations for the geometric rays of a periodic orbit inside a confocal cavity. Based on the derived formula, we demonstrate a passively mode -locked solid-state laser with a low pulse repetition rate to obtain a pulse train traveling along zigzag multi -pass trajectories. We achieve a stable mode -locked pulse train with a pulse repetition rate of 18 MHz by designing the cavity to satisfy the dual -M trajectory. Furthermore, by precisely adjusting cavity mirrors under the same experimental setup, we can reach pulse repetition rates of 12 and 9 MHz for the modelocked laser. It is believed that the numerical calculation and the developed experiment can provide a straightforward and convenient way to achieve a low pulse repetition rate for passively mode -locked lasers. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group