Genetic Basis and Molecular Mechanisms of Carassius auratus and Cyprinus carpio in Hypoxia Adaptation

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Project title

Code/計畫編號

MOST104-2321-B019-005-MY3

Translated Name/計畫中文名

鯽、鯉低氧適應的遺傳基礎與分子機制(兩岸合作研究)

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Wen-Shyong Tzou

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Co-Investigator(s)/共同執行人

陳瑤湖
胡清華

Department/Unit

Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=11273083

Year

2015

Start date/計畫起

01-01-2015

Expected Completion/計畫迄

01-12-2015

Co-Investigator(s)

Chin-Hwa Hu

Bugetid/研究經費

1400千元

ResearchField/研究領域

漁業
生物技術(農)

"隨著溫度、氣候、季節等環境因素，養殖業經常遭遇低氧的環境壓力，往往會對各種養殖生物產生相當大的影響。在面臨低氧的環境下，許多脊椎動物，包括魚類，會藉由增加紅血球生成，以提高體內的氧氣供應，藉以適應低氧的環境壓力。但是不同物種間對於低氧環境的耐受力有很大的差別，例如硬骨魚類中鯉科魚類對低氧有極高的耐受力，但是草魚或鰱魚卻對於低氧的適應能力相當低。研究發現鯉魚對低氧的高耐受力與其消化道內含有高濃度的鋅有密切的關係。在低氧緊迫環境下，消化道內的儲鋅蛋白會大量釋放出鋅離子，藉由運鐵蛋白（transferrin）的作用，集中到腎臟造血細胞刺激紅血球的增生。此外，在低氧緊迫環境下，生物體亦會藉由活化HIF 的方式啟動許多標的基因的表現，進行各種生理調適作用，例如增加Epo 的表現，刺激紅血球的增生等。在能量代謝方面，當細胞面臨低氧緊迫環境時，會降低粒線體有氧呼吸氧化磷酸化反應，轉換為無氧呼吸糖解作用，減低耗氧速率以及自由基ROS 的產生。這種代謝的轉換對於維持細胞的生存相當重要。為了要解決養殖業經常面臨的低氧適應問題，我們迫切需要了解在低氧環境下不同適應力的魚種彼此間的差異性反應，以找出妥善的防治之道。我們在本計畫中，將從造血系統的基因調控與能量代謝兩個層面來探討鯉魚類對低氧逆境的適應機制，其中將包括下列三項主題： 1.鋅與魚類紅血球增生關聯性； 2.無氧代謝路徑對低氧適應的重要性； 3.不同魚種低氧適應基因表現的差異；在另一方面，中科院肖武漢教授將以鯽魚為材料，通過基因轉錄體、蛋白體學的比較，結合生物資訊學技術，藉由基因調控網路的建構與分析，找出鯽魚低氧適應性的關鍵基因。最後雙方將合作比對鯉魚及鯽魚共同關鍵基因，利用斑馬魚為模式動物，利用轉殖基因技術進行基因剔除或轉基因，以分析這些關鍵基因的生物功能以及與低氧耐受性的關聯。透過上述的研究工作，我們將會對不同魚種低氧逆境反應的差異性有全盤性的認識，藉以對養殖業所面臨的低氧適應問題提出更有效的解決策略，並做為未來篩選耐低氧新魚種的理論基礎。" "Oxygen is the most important molecule in our life, which can provide pivotal biological energy through an aerobic respiration system. When the organism is under hypoxia stress, it will make some physiological adaptations, such as inducing erythropoiesis to increase oxygen delivery. Nevertheless, the divergent aquatic species differ greatly in their ability to tolerate and survive fluctuating oxygen concentrations in the water. For instance, fish of the genus Carassius, such as the common carp and goldfish, exhibit a remarkable tolerance to hypoxia environment. Conversely, grass carp or chub cannot sustain in limited oxygen concentration. The hypoxia tolerance in common carp is due to high zinc concentration in intestine tissue. The zinc will be released from intestinal cells under hypoxia. Subsequently the released zinc is transported to kidney in associate with transferrin to enhance erythropoiesis. In addition, a variety of genes are activated by hypoxia-inducible factors in response to hypoxia stress. Erythropoietin is one of the target genes which product is required for erythropoiesis. In addition, hypoxia also switches metabolic pathway from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolytic pathway, which will reduce oxygen consumption and decrease ROS production. It was shown that the metabolic switch is critical for cell survival under hypoxia stress. To solve the hypoxia-related problems in aquaculture industry, it is necessary to understand the adaptation mechanisms of the aquatic species in response to hypoxia stress. Here we will investigate the molecular mechanism of hypoxia adaptation in common carp and focus on gene regulation and metabolic switch in erythropoietic system. Specifically, we will aim to the following subjects: 1. functions of zinc in fish erythropoiesis 2. glycolysis and hypoxia adaptation 3. transcriptional regulation in response to hypoxia We anticipate that this study will shed light on how aquatic organisms protect themselves in response to hypoxia stress and it will help us to develop more efficient way to be applied in aquaculture industry."

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Genetic Basis and Molecular Mechanisms of Carassius auratus and Cyprinus carpio in Hypoxia Adaptation

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