Effects of Environmental Changes on the Ecosystem Dynamics Surrounding the Upwelling Zone of Taiwan Bank(I)

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Project title

Code/計畫編號

MOST107-2611-M019-016

Translated Name/計畫中文名

環境變遷對台灣淺灘(Taiwan Bank)湧昇區周邊水域生態動力特性影響之研究(I)

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Ming-An Lee

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Science

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=12675735

Year

2018

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2018

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-07-2019

Co-Investigator(s)

Sheng-Ping Wang

Bugetid/研究經費

1263千元

ResearchField/研究領域

海洋科學

台灣淺灘位於台灣海峽南端，周邊水域具有西太平洋特有的湧昇區、陸棚(淺灘)與大洋非湧昇區及鋒面區等海洋環境特性，亦為我國沿近海域重要漁場之一。而在氣候變遷效應下，隨季節推移來到本海域的大陸沿岸水、南海暖水與黑潮支流等水系對前述微棲地環境的生態系衝擊尚未有完整的探討。本計畫透過物理模式推導、現場不同營養位階(i.e. 浮植、浮動與魚類等)及遙測等三類型資料搭配地理資訊系統彙整策略，擬以3(2018~2020年)年時間邀集海洋物理(子計畫1)、生物生態(包括營養鹽、浮植、浮動、仔稚魚、魚類專家;子計畫2~6)與漁業科學專家(子計畫7~10)，以跨域(含湧昇區與鋒面區及陸棚與大洋非湧昇區)之每年4季航次現場水文環境調查及遙測資料確立周邊水域湧昇區、鋒面區及非湧昇區之環境特徵(含子計畫11之水質變化與子計畫12環境包容力)及不同營養位階的生物群集特性。此外，在不同環境區(湧昇區、鋒面區及非湧昇區)選定低營養位階(如浮游動物或仔稚魚)與高營養位階(或不同體長大小)表層與底棲之重要物種(如康氏馬加鰆、台灣鎖管、刺鯧、小鱗脂眼鯡等)，評估其資源生物學特性(子計畫5, 7~8, 10)，並運用穩定同位素分析法(子計畫8)建構季節別(或季風)環境變遷下食物網中捕食者與餌料生物間的關係，確認不同環境區之漁業資源結構與不同營養位階的時空間匹配或不匹配的問題，藉由Ecopath模式驗證與Ecosim/Ecospace模擬工作(共同主持人王勝平教授)發展本海域不同環境區之生態系動態模式，瞭解在台灣淺灘周邊不同微環境之生態系動態特性之差異，以期達到以下三項目標: (1) 藉由地理資訊系統建置水文環境(含遙測)、基礎生產力、攝食食物鏈(浮游植物-浮游動物(仔稚魚)-魚類)與漁業活動之基礎生物生態資料，了解環境變遷效應(如ENSO、季風等)對本海域湧昇區、非湧昇區與鋒面區環境之影響(如湧昇勢力強弱或範圍改變或環境因子之異質性- 溫度、鹽度與葉綠素濃度等變動)；釐清(2)海洋與大氣自然環境變動（如海洋環流、河川流量、聖嬰與反聖嬰、季風、颱風）與(3)人為活動(如漁業行為、河川污染) 對不同海洋生態系統(如湧昇區與非湧昇區)裡之生態系動態模式系統的影響程度，培養具有跨學科團隊合作與具有海上實務研究經驗之高等海洋科學與生態人才，進而提升我國在國際生物海洋學學術社群的學術地位與影響力。 Taiwan Bank was located in the south of Taiwan Strait. Due to the influence of seasonal monsoon with the offshore currents of Kuroshio branch, Mainland China Coastal Current and South China Sea Warm current, the micro-habitat zones such as upwelling and thermal fronts were formed and then bring various pelagic/demersal fishes by season to form the fishing ground in the waters surrounding the Taiwan Bank. However, the ocean environments and ecosystems were possibly influenced by the climate variability index such as the increase of sea surface temperature in Taiwan Strait. Overexploitation and climate change are therefore increasingly causing unanticipated changes in marine ecosystems, such as higher variability in fish recruitment, spatial distribution, shifts in species dominance or marine dynamics, or grazing food chain. Therefore, the trophic pathways and connectivity – trophic responses to variability and change in the marine environment. had significantly paid much attention. Till now, the study focusing on the effects of environmental change on ecosystem dynamics was rare in the waters surrounding the Taiwan Bank. In this study, the GIS system was used for integrating three kinds data sets including the oceanic dynamics model, satellite derived sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration, and the field observation in the waters around Taiwan Bank. A studied seasonal field survey with 24 CTD stations per year was first to investigate the marine environment characteristics such as the upwelling or thermal front zones in this area. In these above mentioned micro ecosystems, the species of phytoplankton and zooplankton at low trophic level and the dominant species such as Spanish mackerel, squid, japanese butterfish, Pacific round herring at higher trophic level were simultaneously tested by the Stable isotope analysis for evaluating trophic levels and their interactions each other. And then the Ecopath with Ecosim/Ecospace software was used for constructing food-web models of upwelling, thermal front and other micro-habitat ecosystems, and then investigated for the association to grazing food chain and ecosystem dynamics model in this study. The outcomes of these simulations can then be used to modify the initial parameterization, and the simulations are rerun until external validation is achieved. Consequently, in this 3-year (2018/8-2021/7) project, we will examine the seasonal marine environmental characteristics and their change possibly influenced by the climate change and variability, and then to develop the ecosystem dynamics model for explaining the possibility of match/mismatch hypothesis happening in these ecosystem zones near to the waters around Taiwan Bank. Properly used, it can lead, through successive iteration involving Ecopath, Ecosim, and Ecospace, to a reduction of structural uncertainty, or at least to models that are dynamically stable.

Keyword(s)

台灣淺灘
湧昇區
溫度鋒面
生態系動態特性
穩定同位素分析
Taiwan Bank
upwelling zone
thermal front
Ecosystem dynamics
the stable isotopes analysis

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Effects of Environmental Changes on the Ecosystem Dynamics Surrounding the Upwelling Zone of Taiwan Bank(I)

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