Abstract
馬祖裙帶菜機能性成分及加值於銀髮族健康輔助應用
臺灣由於醫療發達及出生率低落等原因，人口老化速度高居全球第二，2017年老年人口佔台灣總人口數14%，2025年將步入超高齡社會達總人口數20%。面對高齡族群人口大幅增加的趨勢，也伴隨著慢性疾病盛行。臺灣老年人罹患率最高的慢性疾病為高血壓、心血管疾病、糖尿病及惡性腫瘤。為此，特殊需求的銀髮族食品開發成為食品產業與學界刻不容緩的研究課題。先前研究指出褐藻醣膠(Fucoidan)和褐藻素(Fucoxanthin)具有抗腫瘤、抗肥胖、抗糖尿病與免疫調節之生理活性。因此，本計畫將分析驗證馬祖裙帶菜萃取物之機能性功效，以及開發具降血糖及抗大腸癌機能性之銀髮族產品，提高臺灣及離島地區藻類產業化加值應用。在第1年計畫中，首先將分析各地區與馬祖裙帶菜一般成分和測定重金屬含量，及建立馬祖裙帶菜去腥及去重金屬方法。之後萃取馬祖裙帶菜之熱水萃取物及乙醇萃取物，並分析其機能性成分與抗氧化能力。最後，藉由糖苷酵素抑制活性及抗大腸癌細胞實驗驗證，以作為第2年計畫動物試驗之前導試驗與評估銀髮族保健食品之潛力。
應用水產資材之開發骨質保健產品暨功效評估
本計畫之目標為利用水產加工副產物貝殼鈣與魚骨鈣萃結合葡萄藻多醣，據以研發骨質保健食品，並將計畫成果進行技轉。本計畫的工作項目包括完成葡萄藻多醣的萃取純化製程、多糖-鈣複合物合成方法開發與穩定性測試、建立體外細胞模式之機能成分確效分析平台，以及技術移轉。預期效益為產出以水產加工副產物與葡萄藻中所取得之機能性成分製成骨質保健產品；此外，葡萄藻多醣也被確定具有藥用價值，能增強生物對抗細菌和病毒之感染，具有免疫調節、抗氧化等生理活性，因此本計畫也將應用葡萄藻多醣製成免疫調節製劑，將有助於銀髮族強化身體的防護力。葡萄藻在臺灣的養殖技術已日趨成熟，期望能提升農民契作培養之衍生加值，也開發其多元化應用特性，結合漁業副產物(魚骨、貝殼)透過加工技術改善其應用的限制與缺點，將葡萄藻多醣、魚骨鈣及貝殼鈣之萃取技術與機能性商品(骨質保健、免疫調節)技術移轉業者落實產業化，期能活化整體產業鏈，並落實農業廢棄物加值應用之循環農業願景。
蜆蛋白與海木耳多醣預防退化性關節炎之功效評估
退化性骨關節炎(Osteoarthritis, OA)是老年人中最常見的關節炎形式之一。 退化性骨關節炎起源於退行性疾病並引起炎症，導致疼痛和關節損傷。尤其是常好發於膝關節，導致疼痛和身體殘疾。退化性骨關節炎的患病率隨著平均預期壽命的增加而增加。目前針對退化性關節炎的治療方法並無法有效改善發炎、疼痛等臨床症狀。蜆(<em>Corbicula fluminea</em>)蛋白具有抗發炎與修復組織等功能；海木耳(<em>Sarcodia montagneana</em>)多醣具有抗氧化與免疫調節之功能。因此，本計畫之目的在開發以海木耳多醣與蜆蛋白為主成分的營養保健食品，以有效緩解退化性關節炎的發炎與疼痛反應，提升老齡人口的生命質量。本計畫將分為2年執行，以開發出改善退化性關節炎的健康食品配方為主要目標，第1年分別以細胞實驗、發炎小鼠實驗動物模式為對象，以蜆蛋白為基礎配方(抑制發炎、止痛)，並搭配海木耳(抗氧化、調節免疫、營養補充)，以評估蜆蛋白/海木耳配方是否能有效調節發炎反應。
臺灣森林香料植物應用於銀髮族群保健產品之開發
臺灣即以藥山著稱，在這小小的島上，由於其複雜的地形與氣候，使得臺灣具有很高的生物歧異度。根據統計，臺灣擁有4,442多種以上的維管束植物，其中更有2,000餘種植物曾被宣稱有療效。無庸置疑的，全球經濟潮流的演變是鼓勵我們朝中草藥生技產業來發展，特別是對地理環境特殊、自然資源豐富的臺灣，中草藥及保健食品產業生技產業的確成為政府、民間所共同賦予高度期望的產業。但如何在眾多的目標植物中，選擇出具特色與具國際市場競爭力之發展物種，則是產業發展最重要的關鍵。本計畫將在第一年度針對臺灣香檬與橘柑等臺灣原生種柑橘類植物進行調節中樞神經和腸胃道菌叢的活性探討，首先進行體外試驗，檢測樣品的抗氧化和抗發炎活性，接著使用抑鬱或焦慮之實驗動物模型，以嗅聞或灌食方式給予樣品，分析動物經治療後的生理反應，並檢測腸道的菌相變化，以期最後能研發出具舒緩情緒與調節腸道菌的香料保健產品。
以農產副產物鳳梨皮核發酵物強化銀髮族食品營養減少肌力流失之失能風險
目前應用於改善肌少症的營養食材甚少，本計畫擬以鳳梨皮核副產物，經由發酵及萃取之過程產生有益產物。由肌纖維細胞損傷細胞模式及肥胖型肌少症動物模式之建立，以兩年期計畫進行研究開發改善肌少症之機能性素材及食品。本計畫之執行可建立鳳梨皮核發酵物及萃取技術，並以細胞及動物模式驗證鳳梨皮核發酵物及萃取物具有改善肌力流失之功效。未來進行產品雛型驗證與機能性食品開發，期能開發商品於臨床及轉譯之應用。
菱角殼萃取物開發舒緩關節發炎及疼痛之外用保健產品
本計畫為兩年期計畫，開發菱角殼的抗發炎及止痛之最佳萃取物，作為降低關節疼痛之保建產品原料，提高菱角副產物的加值再利用。第1年主要目標是利用巨噬細胞及軟骨細胞篩選出具抗發炎之菱角殼的萃取物，再利用mono-iodoacetate誘導大鼠關節炎之模式評估最佳有效濃度，並利用HPLC分析系統確認指標成分之品質標準。第2年則是利用菱角殼抗發炎萃取物，進行外用劑之配方開發，並以生物相容標準，確認緩解關節疼痛之配方毒性，並再次以動物試驗評估其功效。預期全程可開發1種含菱角殼之緩解關節疼痛之外用劑。
高抗氧化能力甘藷葉粉之開發
抗氧化是抗老化的重要步驟，新鮮綠色蔬菜中雖含有大量的抗氧化物質，但保存期限短，在使用便利性上有其限制性。隨著健康意識的抬頭，對具機能性成分之產品需求日增，甘藷葉富含多種營養素、抗氧化物質及膳食纖維，且不含咖啡因等優點，作為銀髮族保健產品之開發極具潛力。因此，本計畫108年工作目標為1.分析不同甘藷葉品種之機能性成分含量及抗氧化能力；2. 開發甘藷葉粉加工技術，並評估加工方式對機能性成分含量及抗氧化能力之影響，建立最佳加工參數條件；3. 甘藷葉粉感官品評試驗。 Development of bioactive ingredients of <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> on Matsu and their value application to the health nutrition of elder people
Due to medical development and low birth rate, Taiwan's population aging rate is second in the world. In 2017, the elderly population accounts for 14% of the total population of Taiwan. Taiwan will become a super-aged society in 2025, which The elderly population accounts for 20 % of the total population. The trend of a large increase in the elderly population is also accompanied by the prevalence of chronic diseases. The chronic diseases with the highest prevalence among the elderly in Taiwan are hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. Therefore, the development of elder people foods with special needs has become an urgent research topic to the food industry and the academic community. Previous studies indicate that fucoidan and fucoxanthin have the physiological activities of anti-tumor, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, and immune regulation. Therefore, this project will analyze and verify the functional efficacy of the extract of <em>Undaria pinnatifida</em> from Matsu¸ develop the health-assisted products for elder people regulated blood sugar and anti-colorectal cancer, increase Taiwan algae industrialization and their value application. The first year of the project, the general composition and heavy metal content of <em>Undaria pinnatifida</em> from other regional and Matsu will be analyzed, as well as we will establish the method of removing heavy metals and off-flavor elimination. Then, we will extract the hot water extract and the ethanol extract from the <em>Undaria pinnatifida</em> from Matsu and analyze the bioactive ingredients and the oxidative scavenging ability of the bioactive ingredients. Finally, we will test the glycosidic enzyme inhibitory activity and anti-colorectal cancer cell experiment as the experimental basis for animal experiments in second year project and evaluate the potential of elder people health foods.
Using aquatic materials to development of bone health products and efficacy evaluation
The objective of the project is extracting functional ingredients from aquatic products (shell calcium and fish bone calcium) and <em>Caulerpa</em> polysaccharides. And developing products for the promotion of bone health care products and technology transfer. The program includes the extraction and purification process of <em>Caulerpa</em> polysaccharides, the development and stability test of polysaccharide-calcium complex synthesis methods, the establishment of an in vitro cell model functional composition analysis platform, and technology transfer. The benefits performance are bone health products made from by-products of aquatic products processing and functional ingredients obtained from <em>Caulerpa</em>. In addition, <em>Caulerpa</em> polysaccharides have also been identified as having medicinal value, which can enhance the biological resistance to bacterial and viral infections, and have physiological activities such as immunomodulation and anti-oxidation. Therefore, this project also use <em>Caulerpa</em> polysaccharides to prepare immunomodulatory preparations. Help the silver-haired people strengthen their body's protection. The cultivation technology of <em>Caulerpa</em> in Taiwan has become more and more mature. It is expected to enhance the value-added derivatives of farmersand develop its diversified application characteristics. Combined with fishery by-products (fish bones, shells) to improve the application of the limitations and shortcomings through processing technology. The industrialization of the extraction technology of grape algae polysaccharide, fish bone calcium and shell calcium and functional products (bone health care, immune regulation) technology will enable the activation of the overall industrial chain. That will implement the application of value-added and zero waste recycling agriculture vision.
Evaluation of the efficacy of clam extract and Sarcodia montagneana polysaccharide in preventing Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common form of arthritis in the elderly. OA starts as a degenerative disease and causes inflammation, resulting in pain and joint damage. In particular, the knee is the most commonly affected large joint by OA which causes pain and physical disability. The prevalence of OA is increasing with the increase in average life expectancy. Currently, OA treatments are not effective in improving clinical symptoms such as inflammation and pain. The clam (<em>Corbicula fluminea</em>) has anti-inflammatory and repairing functions; the <em>Sarcodia montagneana</em> polysaccharide has antioxidant and immunomodulatory functions. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to develop the health food containing Sarcodia montagneana polysaccharide and clam to effectively inhibit the inflammation and alleviate pain response and improve the quality of life of the aging population. The program will be implemented in two years to develop a healthy food formula that improves OA symptoms. The program will be based on cell experiments and experimental mice animal models to evaluate the efficacy on improvement of inflammatory in first year. We hope clam (anti-inflammation and analgesic) and Sarcodia montagneana polysaccharide (antioxidant, immune regulation and nutritional supplement) will improve inflammatory.
Health care products development for senior citizen from the spice forest plants of Taiwan
Taiwan is well known as Yaoshan (a mountain with abundant herbal medicine). The complicated landforms and climate within this tiny island result in highly biodiversity. There are more than 4,442 species of vascular plant in Taiwan, and over 2,000 of them have been declared bioactivities for different treatments. Undoubtedly, the global economic trends today encourage the development towards the biotechnology industry of Chinese herbal medicine. Especially for Taiwan, where the unique geographical environment and the abundant natural resources bring up the advantage in the developments of herbal medicine and nutraceutical businesses. Therefore, how to choose a plant as a good candidate is the key for the drug or nutraceutical developments. In the first year of this proposal, we will choose Taiwanese native citrus plants, <em>e.q.</em> <em>Citrus depressa </em>Hayata and <em>Citrus reticulata</em> , to investigate their regulatory activities on the central nervous system (CNS) and gut microbiota. First, we will examine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of target plants in <em>vitro</em> . Then, several experimental animal models will be performed to evaluate the anti-depression or anti-anxiety activity of the forest spice plants；moreover this study will collect the feces of mice to check the changing of the composition of the gut microbiota. Finally, we expect to develop the health products that soothes mood and improves the balance of gut microbiota.
Using the agricultural byproduct of pineapple peel and core fermented material to enrich the nutrition of senior meal to decrease the risk of disability result from age-related sarcopenia
There are very few nutritional ingredients used to improve sarcopenia. This project of two-year period will to use pineapple byproduct (peel and core) to produce beneficial products through fermentation and extraction processes. Moreover, establishment of the injury cell model of myofibroblast cell and the animal model of obese sarcopenia was used to conduct research and development of the functional materials and foods to ameliorate sarcopenia. The implementation of this project can establish the technology of pineapple byproduct fermentation and extraction producing functional food ingredients, and verify the effect of pineapple byproduct fermentation and extracts to ameliorate of muscle loss by using the damage myoblast cell model and animal model of sarcopenia. In the future, product prototype verification and functional food development will be conducted to develop products for clinical applications.
The extracts of water caltrop hulls developing as health care external agent for relieving joint inflammation and pain
This is a two-year proposal which anti-inflammatory and analgesic extracts of water caltrop (<em>Trapa taiwanensis</em> Nakai) hulls as a raw material for the maintenance of joint pain will be developed to promote the value-added reuse of their hulls by-product. The main goal of the first year will develop the anti-inflammatory effects of extracts which will be screened by macrophages and chondrocytes in virto model and then evaluated the optimal effective concentration by mono-iodoacetate induced arthritis in rats and established the quality components by HPLC analysis system. In the second year, the anti-inflammatory extract of the water caltrop hulls will be used to develop the formulation of the external agent for joint pain, the formulation toxicity will be measured by biocompatibility test and the efficacy again evaluated by an animal test. It is expected that an external agent containing water caltrop hulls extracts for relieving joint pain will be developed.
Development of high antioxidant activities sweet potato leaf powder
Antioxidant is an important step in anti-aging. Fresh green vegetables contain a large amount of antioxidant components, but they have a short shelf life and are restrictions on the convenience of use. With the rise of health awareness, the demand for products with functional ingredients is increasing. Sweet potato leaves are rich in various nutrients, antioxidant components and dietary fiber, and do not contain caffeine. Sweet potato leaves have great potential as a health care product for the elderly. Therefore, In 2019 project, main working items are listed following,1. analysis of functional components and antioxidant activity of different sweet potato leaf varieties;2. development of sweet potato leaf powder processing technology and evaluate the effect of processing methods on functional ingredient content and antioxidant activity; 3. sensory evaluation test of sweet potato leaf powder.
