見證臺灣地方自治史--從基隆街協議會到基隆市議會

Abstract

Even though the local autonomy during the Japanese occupation was regarded as ＂abnormal local autonomy＂ or ＂half local autonomy＂, the said period can't be excluded from Taiwan's local autonomy development history. In Taisho 9th (1920), the local government system was reformed and the Association was founded as the advisory institute for local director general. Because Taiwanese requested to set loose local autonomy, after more than 10 years efforts, the local autonomy system reformed again in Showa 10th (1935). The City council was established as the resolution institute. Half of the city council's members were elected by citizen and the rests were appointed by the government. After retrocession of Taiwan, the Senate was set up to make exercise resolutions and senators were appointed via the indirect election. In fact, those senators were not appointed by the official and were more powerful than city council's members of Japanese governance. In 1950, the local autonomy of Taiwan moved into a new phase and the Assembly was established to exercise resolution. All assemblymen were elected by citizen from 1st to 17th so far. Bases on archives of historical data, the article takes Keelung City as an example to analysis the development of Street Association, City Association, City Council, City Senate and City Assemblies in order to witness Taiwan Local Autonomy.即使日治時期的地方自治被說成「畸形的自治」、「半地方自治」，但若要說明臺灣地方自治發展史，仍得追溯到日治時期。大正9年地方制度改正，設協議會，做為地方首長的諮詢機關。惟臺人要求的是更多的地方自治，在歷經十餘年的努力後，昭和10年地方制度再次改正，設市會，為議決機關，市會議員一半官派一半民選，為臺灣地方自治重要的轉捩點。光復後，設參議會，亦為議決機關，雖說參議員為間接選舉，但已無官派，其職權較日治時期市會議員來得大。民國39年實施更進一步的地方自治，設議會，仍為議決機關，議員由公民直接選出，開創地方自治新局面，至今已歷17屆選舉。本文即以基隆市為例，利用檔案等史料，以文獻分析法，就街協議會、市協議會、市會、市參議會、市議會5個時期的發展歷程做一探討，為臺灣地方自治發展史做一見證。