http://scholars.ntou.edu.tw/handle/123456789/14453
標題: | Optimization of essential factors for aquaculture development in Taiwan | 其他標題: | 台灣水產養殖成功要因與發展策略 | 作者: | 廖一久 趙乃賢(Nai-Hsien Chao) |
關鍵字: | 台灣;水產養殖;成功要因;發展策略;;Optimization;Essential Factors;Aquaculture;Taiwan | 公開日期: | 1-十二月-2001 | 出版社: | Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan | 卷: | 28 | 期: | 4 | 起(迄)頁: | pp.49-267 | 摘要: | 台灣向來位居水產養殖先進國之列,尤其近幾十無來進步快速,傳統技術獲得大幅改良,逐步趨向現代化。邁入二十一世紀後,全球科技之進展可謂日新月異,未來台灣的水產養殖需以知識為基礎,重視環境和諧,力求技術精進,以維持競爭力與永續性。欲達到上述目的,可從技術面與非技術面著手,及早擬定有效策略。其中,前者應包括(a)改進現行系統,以減少養殖對象種之壓力,促進養殖多樣化,並力求人力、能源與資源之精簡;(b)應用生物技術;(c)開發新產品。這些可望經由基因工程或複製技術,繁殖並育成具有特定性質之水生動物,亦可藉聚合酶鏈反應法、免疫力增強法及去氧核醣核苷酸(DNA)疫苗達成疫病之診斷與防治;族群特徵鑑定與水生生物多樣性之保育則可藉由DNA微衛星標識法達成。傳統生物技術方面如細胞培養、超低溫保存、染色體操作則可在特定範圍開始應用甚至推廣。至於非技術面的策略則包括普及教育、有效立法、強化漁民組織、積極參與國際事務、推廣健康水產食品等。另外,水產養殖可說是以全球市場為導向的產業,因此相關之社會經濟分析,亦為亟需鑽研的課題之一。本文由首先敘述台灣水產養殖的成功要因,進而提出有助於其永續經營的發展策略,期望台灣水產養殖能突破瓶頸,逐步調適,在二十一世紀永保昌隆興盛。 Taiwan is recognized as one of the advanced countries in aquaculture. Over the years, cutting edge technologies have been developed that modernized traditional culture techniques. With the rapid global changes in the 21(superscript st) century, aquaculture in Taiwan should be transformed into a knowledge-based, environment-friendly, high-tech industry in order to remain competitive and sustainable. To revolutionize aquaculture, it is essential to apply both technical and non-technical strategies. Technical strategies include (a) the innovation of current culture systems to further minimize stress on culture species, allow diversification of culture species, and save on manpower, energy and resources, (b) application of biotechnology, and (c) product development. For instance, growth and reproduction can be controlled and aquatic animals with specific traits can be produced through genetic engineering and cloning. Disease diagnoses and prevention can be enhanced using PCR techniques, immune enhancement, and DNA vaccines. Characterization of populations and conservation of aquatic biodiversity can be accomplished by identifying DNA microsatellite markers. Similarly, conventional biotechnologies, such as cell culture, cryopreservation, and chromosome manipulation, should be employed when applicable. Complementing the technical strategies are non-technical strategies to ensure that the aquaculture industry is responsive to the changing domestic and global issues. Among the non-technical strategies are comprehensive education, effective regulation, institutionalized aquafarmers' organization, more active participation in relevant international events, and strong promotion of aquatic products as healthy food. Since aquaculture is now a global, market-oriented industry, socio-economic analysis should always be conducted as reference for developments in the future. This paper reviews the essential factors that led to the success of aquaculture in Taiwan and recommends strategies to ensure its sustainability. With a holistic approach, the factors that led to the prosperity of aquaculture in Taiwan can be further optimized in the 21(superscript st) century. |
URI: | http://ntour.ntou.edu.tw:8080/ir/handle/987654321/45049 http://scholars.ntou.edu.tw/handle/123456789/14453 |
DOI: | 10.29822/JFST.200112.0001 |
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