臺灣海洋休閒觀光人才供需現況與未來發展

Abstract

臺灣四面環海，沿海的海上交通之發展有其必要性，不論是本島的基隆、高雄、淡水、八里、旗津、日月潭，或是離島金門、馬祖、綠島、澎湖、蘭嶼及小琉球，這些地區隨著海上交通便利以及休閒風氣興盛，呈現快速發展的趨勢，再加上經濟日益成長，人民的消費習慣也隨之改變，運動休憩已經不再滿足於陸地上的觀光旅遊，而是進入海洋觀光休閒運動的範疇，再加上今年成功快速發展的郵輪旅遊，因此臺灣海洋觀光儼然成為國家經濟重要發展的產業。本研究透過專家訪談、焦點團體及次級資料分析，將臺灣海洋休閒觀光分為（1）以觀光遊憩為主的「海洋遊憩業」、（2）漁業轉型的「休閒漁業」以及（2）以郵輪旅遊為主的「船舶旅運業」三大行業別。另外也根據3大行業別區分為9個行業細類及23個海洋休閒觀光職業類型。本研究進一步分析臺灣高中職及大專海洋休閒觀光相關料系學生數，以及海洋休閒觀光產業從業人員數量及其人才需求，以進一步整合臺灣海洋休閒觀光專業人才供需現況。結論依據臺灣海洋休閒觀光專業人才供需現況規劃未來臺灣海洋教育在海洋休閒觀光的發展方向，並提供相關具體建議給相關海洋教育單位參考。Taiwan is surrounding by the oceans. The sea transportation is importation for the shore and island cities. Whatever the cities in the main island (e.g. Keelung, Kaohsiung, Tamsui, Bali, Qijin, and Sun Moon Lake) or the island cities (e.g. Kinmen, Matsu, Green Island, Orchid Island, and Pinghu) are fast growth in marine leisure and tourism because of more and more convenience transportation and the developed leisure atmosphere. Besides, with the economic development and people consuming behavior change, sport and leisure is no longer restricted onshore but extend to the coastal and offshore area. Furthermore, the cruise trip also successes developed in Taiwan recent years. Therefore, the human resource supply and demand of marine leisure and tourism is more and more important. On the supply sides, this research used literature review, practitioner interview, and focus group to divide Taiwan marine leisure and tourism into three industries: (1) marine recreation which is focus on recreation on or off shores; (2) leisure fishery which is transferred from traditional fishery; (3) Ship travel and transportation which is mainly emphasis the cruise trip operation. Based on the three industries, this research subdivided marine leisure and tourism industry into 9 businesses and 23 key positions. On the supply side, this research analyzed the numbers of student and graduates of marine leisure and tourism related department in Taiwan high schools and colleges. Comparing to the human resource circumstance of marine leisure and tourism, this research proposed some conclusions and suggestions for the future development for the educational intuitions reference.