危機還是轉機？異地重建下觀光產業對社區復原力之影響

Abstract

過去災後觀光相關研究顯少探討原以第一級產業為生的社區如何透過發展觀光產業使其能永續發展。爰此，本研究以遷村三次的好茶社區為研究對象，希望透過其異地重建的過程來探討觀光產業發展與災後社區的復原力的影響關係。經由質性方法的聚焦，本研究歸納出觀光產業在災後社區發展所產生的六大復原力影響因素包括經濟價值、族群精神、資源掌握、支持的循環、投入參與、社區意識等。並發現觀光產業發展與社區復原力因素在災後社區會形成互補式的循環模式。本研究期能透過觀光發展與復原力因素的發現帶給災後社區在災後重建過程中逐漸走出陰霾與傷痛，也能在未來不可避免的災難發生後讓世界各地的受災社區和管理單位可以更有效地處理與面對。Previous post-disaster tourism literature has largely focused on how tourism-based communities recover from various disasters. However, there is little attention on the role of tourism development in affecting ＂non-tourism-based＂ communities' post-disaster recovery and resilience. To reduce this knowledge gap, this study aims to explore the relationship between tourism development and post-disaster community resilience, by using the case of Kucapungane community, a non-tourism based community which has been relocated three times due to two natural disasters. By adopting a qualitative research approach, the findings revealed that tourism development has contributed to post-disaster community resilience in six directions, namely, economic value, ethnic ethos, resource control, continuous support, involvement and participation, and sense of community. The study concludes that tourism development can provide a sense of hope and rebirth to the community during the post-disaster reconstruction process. The study findings is one of the first few attempts to acknowledge the value of tourism development in community resilience and provide the foundation for subsequent management of such incidents in the future.