輔導原理與實務師資培育課程素養導向的教學設計～心理位移與心智省察的實踐探究

Abstract

如何使未來教師具備必要的輔導知識、技能、態度和價值觀，並能自我轉化，以勝任日益富挑戰的學生輔導工作，是師資培育「輔導原理與實務」課程的重要目標。就輔導而言，教師的覺察與省思，不可或缺; 教師是否擁有合宜的人性觀與自我觀、健康的關係型態，是影響學生向善發展的關鍵因素。 因此，本研究透過兩學期的教學實踐行動研究，改變以往較偏重論理組織法的教材結構，以情境化、脈絡化的學習結合輔導理論、技巧與相關資源，重組教學設計；透過心理位移的書寫，引導不同層次的自我探索，體驗用心若鏡、心智省察（Mindsight）之蘊義，學習對他人的自我以及生命交織的彼此懷抱善良與慈悲，是本課程教學實踐的核心觀照。 透過持續的課堂觀察、多元評量與實踐反思，從平日的階段性習作、問卷與期末的實作評量中，可以發現：1.學生漸能主動的覺察與省思，練習心理位移與心智省察；2.學生漸能領略輔導原理與個案故事（或親身經歷）的關聯，深化學習理解；3.學生漸能反思自己的人性觀與自我觀，明白健康的關係型態的重要。透過兩學期的教學實踐，本研究逐步建構了輔導原理與實務課程素養導向的教學模式EMPOWER，並提出精進未來教學之建議。 How to cultivate future teachers to have the necessary counseling knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, and self-transformation to be able to cope with the increasing challenges of school guidance work is an important goal of the teacher professional curriculum "Counseling Principles and Practice". As far as counseling is concerned, teachers' awareness and reflection are indispensable. Whether teachers have a deep understanding of human nature and self, and a healthy relationship are impacting their students' development. Therefore, through the two-semester teaching active research, this study combines the teaching content with the counseling theory, skills and related resources in contextualized learning activities, instead of an emphasis on the logical structure in the past. The main concerns of the teaching practice via psychological displacement paradigm in diary-writing (PDPD) are to guide different levels of self-exploration, to experience the meaning of inner peace and Mindsight, and to find kindness and compassion from each other and life. Combined continuous classroom observation, multi-evaluation and one’s self-reflection, phased worksheet, questionnaires, and final performance evaluation, we find 1. Students gradually aware and think actively, practice psychological displacement and Mindsight- Personal transformation strategies; 2. Students can gradually understand the relationship between counseling principles and case stories (or personal experience), deepen their understandings of counseling practice; 3. Students can gradually rethink their views of human nature and self; understand the importance of healthy relationships. During the two-semester teaching practice, the research has constructed the EMPOWER teaching model and proposed suggestions for improving future teacher development.