Ipr and Agricultural Benefit and Distribution---GM Papaya in Taiwan

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基本資料

Project title

Code/計畫編號

NSC97-2410-H019-002-SSS

Translated Name/計畫中文名

智慧財產權的農業效益及分配---以臺灣基改木瓜為例

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Man-Ser Jan

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Institute of Applied Economics

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=1650562

Year

2008

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2008

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-07-2009

Bugetid/研究經費

738千元

ResearchField/研究領域

經濟學

"基改作物的崛起對農業生產結構產生劇烈的影響，其中生技公司與種子公司扮演了重要角色。由於1970 到1980 年間，智慧財產權保護概念興起，智慧財產權及專利法令的保護機制，授予私人農作物繁殖者擁有『專有權』去繁殖與行銷新發展的作物，農民如果想要種植基改作物，必須付出智慧財產權的使用費，即向種子公司買種子付出種子貼水及付給生技公司技術使用費。這些成本將會轉移給農民使得農民的生產成本提高，農民在引進基改作物後，是否可以增加利潤呢? 需視其生產結構及基改作物上市後能否受到消費者青睞而定。由於美國對含有基改成份的食品採充分等值的原則，即基改產品在美國零售市場不需要標示，視為與非基改產品等同。因此，過去有關基改作物效益分配的文獻，只討論基改作物的引入造成農民生產結構變動 (市場供給線移動) 所產生的經濟效益。台灣對於基改產品的法令規定跟美國不同，基改產品的上市是需要標示的，並非實質等同，因此，基改作物的引進，除了影響作物的生產結構，產品的市場需求也可能改變。本研究將以臺灣基改木瓜為例，模擬基改木瓜上市，可能造成的供需結構變動，並分析其經濟效益及分配。需求面的消費分析將以問卷調查的方式，以假設市場評估法估計消費者對基改木瓜的需求。在方法上將依Alston et al.(1997)之模型，修正Falck-Zepeda et al. (2000a, 2000b)的文章，探討智慧財產權的引入，對農業經濟效益及福利分配影響。""The rise of GM crops has been great impact on the development of agricultural economics. The biotechnology company and seed breeder have played an important role at this matter. During the years of 1970 to 1980, people put much emphasis on the intellectual property right (IPR), GM crops has been influenced by the concept of IPR. The IPR and the patent regulation have guaranteed the company ownership on the newly invented products and have the exclusive right to breed and promote new products. In a word, if farmers want to have GM crops planted, they have to pay for seed premium to the seeds breeder and the technology license fee for the biotechnology company. These two fees would raise farmers’ production cost and hence to change the production structure of the farm. Whether farmers’ benefit increased depends on how much the change of production structure and the acceptance of GM products of the consumer. US has adopted substantial equivalent rule on GM products. There is no need to label on GM products in retail market. Therefore, past literature for the analysis of the economic benefit and distribution on adoption GM crops only based on the changes of production side. Changes on demand side were ignored. Taiwan regulations on GM products have differed from those of US in that they need specific labeling on GM products, which are not considered as substantial equivalent. Therefore, in addition to the change of production technology, the adoption of GM crops may change consumer’s demand. This study will take Taiwan GM papaya as a case study, and to analyze the economic benefit and distribution on market because of the adoption of GM papaya. The contingent valuation method (CVM) will use to estimate consumers demand for GM papaya in Taiwan. Alston et al. (1997) method will be used and Falck-Zepeda et al. (2000a, 2000b) empirical model will be modified to simulate the economic benefit and distribute among producer, consumer and rest of world on adopting GM papaya in Taiwan."

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Ipr and Agricultural Benefit and Distribution---GM Papaya in Taiwan

基本資料

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