Development of Watershed Rainfall-Runoff Model Based on the Partial Contributing Area Concept (II)

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Project title

Code/計畫編號

NSC91-2211-E019-007

Translated Name/計畫中文名

應用部分集水面積觀念建立集水區降雨逕流模式(II)

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Kwan-Tun Lee

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Department of Harbor and River Engineering

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=733019

Year

2002

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2002

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-07-2003

Bugetid/研究經費

623千元

ResearchField/研究領域

土木水利工程

本計畫第一年度之研究已針對集水區之部分集水面積範圍推求方式，進行深入探討，並應用運動波－地貌瞬時單位歷線理論，建立半分佈式降雨逕流模式。而本年度計畫則以第一年度之研究成果為基礎，藉由地形指數模式推算部分集水面積分佈範圍，而將集水區內水流之運行區分為地表逕流與地表下逕流兩種不同機制。研究中應用運動波理論配合曼寧公式與達西公式，以模擬地表逕流與地表下逕流之運行，並應用有限差分方法推算集水區任一位置點之逕流量，建立以部分集水面積觀念為基礎之分佈式降雨逕流模式。本研究以臺灣北部大漢溪流域橫溪集水區為模式應用集水區，藉由數值高程模式與衛星遙測影像分析，推求分佈式降雨逕流模式中所需之各項地文特性因子，並以實際颱洪事件進行逕流模擬分析。研究結果顯示，應用本研究所建立之降雨逕流模擬方式，不論尖峰流量或逕流歷線上升段與退水段之模擬，皆能得到良好的模擬結果。研究中並探討部分集水面積範圍對逕流推估之影響，以供水文工程師進行降雨逕流模擬之參考。 In the first-year project, the delineation of the partial contributing area (PCA) in a watershed was detail investigated, and then the PCA concept was combined with the kinematic-wave based geomorphic instantaneous unit hydrograph model (KW-GIUH) for rainfall-runoff simulation. Based on the first-year project, the PCA was delineated by using the TOPMODEL, and the watershed runoff was then separated into the surface and subsurface runoff mechanisms. In this study, the kinematic-wave approximation was adopted combining with Manning’s formula and Darcy’s law to simulate surface- and subsurface-flow, respectively. The equations were solved by using finite-difference schemes to estimate flow depth at any point within the watershed to establish a distributed PCA runoff model. The Heng-Chi watershed in northern Taiwan was used to demonstrate the capability of the proposed model. The required geomorphic factors of the distributed runoff model were obtained by using a DEM and satellite images classification techniques. Storm records were used to verify the model performance. The results showed that significant improvements were found in the simulation of the rising and recession limbs hydrographs. The ratio of the PCA in the study watershed was detail discussed to provide information for hydrological engineers in practical applications.

Keyword(s)

分佈式降雨逕流模式
部分集水面積
地形指數模式
運動波理論
達西公式
數值高程模式
Distributed runoff model
Partial contributing area
TOPMODEL
kinematic-wave theory
Darcy’s law
Digital elevation model

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Development of Watershed Rainfall-Runoff Model Based on the Partial Contributing Area Concept (II)

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