Inventory of Marine Mangrove Fungi in Taiwan

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基本資料

Project title

Code/計畫編號

NSC97-2621-B019-002

Translated Name/計畫中文名

台灣海洋真菌之多樣性

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Ka-Lai Pang

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Institute of Marine Biology

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=1583174

Year

2008

Start date/計畫起

01-01-2008

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-07-2009

Bugetid/研究經費

1520千元

ResearchField/研究領域

生物科學

海洋真菌在海岸生態系統是不可或缺的生物體。大部分海洋真菌都是腐生性的，主要生長在已死的植物纖維組織上。在二十世紀九十年代前，大部分對海洋真菌的研究都集中於歐洲和北美洲，最近才於亞洲活躍起來。台灣缺乏對海洋真菌的研究，僅有的資料都只是關於紅樹林環境裡常見的卵菌綱游動孢子群(Ho et al. 1990, 1991, 2003, Hsieh et al. 2002)。台灣大約有二十二個紅樹林和四個真紅樹品種，它們是水筆仔、海茄冬、五梨跤和欖李。紅樹林海洋真菌生長在掉下的紅木、樹葉和果實，用分解酵素把木質素降解，成為養份。由於都市化、工業化、以及養漁業的發展，很多台灣的紅樹林都正在縮小，一些更甚至消失了。因此，很多紅樹林海洋真菌已失去生存的棲息地，尤其是本地的特有品種。本計畫是一個大規模對台灣海洋真菌的研究。這項計畫主要是記錄台灣紅樹林海洋真菌的多樣性及其分佈，最終的目的是在台灣建立一個海洋真菌的資料、標本及菌種儲存庫，用作應用研究。近年有很多關於海洋真菌的應用研究，包括:(1)海洋真菌的木質分解性酵素降解有機污染物；(2)絲狀海洋真菌的新陳代謝物在醫學上應用; 和(3)thraustochytrids 的多不飽和脂肪酸生產能力。在計畫完成之後，申請人的研究團隊將會編輯一本記錄台灣海洋真菌多樣性及分佈的專題論文，以及六諞國際期刊論文。這研究計畫將會訓練出四個碩士/博士研究生。Marine fungi are an important group of organisms in marine systems as they represent a diverse range of saprobes, pathogens and symbionts that form an integral part of coastal systems (Hyde et al. 1998). Marine fungi are mostly saprobes growing on various cellulosic materials including woody tissues, leaves, fruits, sea grasses, algae and seaweeds (Vrijmoed 2000). Before 1990s, most research on marine fungi was mainly in the Europe (Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, UK) and the north America. Recently, many ecological and taxonomical studies on marine fungi in Asia have been carried out including Brunei, China/Hong Kong/Macau, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mauritius, Philippines, Seychelles, Singapore and Thailand. Little information is available for the diversity and distribution of marine fungi in Taiwan. Fragmented information is only available for the zoosporic group, Halophytophthora, which inhabits mangrove environment (Ho et al. 1990, 1991, 2003, Hsieh et al. 2002). Taiwan has 22 mangrove forests and four true mangrove species including Kandelia candel, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa and Lumnitzera racemosa. Decaying mangrove substrates (wood, leaves and fruits) support growth of many marine mangrove fungi. Many mangroves in Taiwan are shrinking and some have even disappeared due to urbanisation, industrialisation and development of coastal fish culture (Hsueh and Lee 2000). As a result, many marine mangrove fungi have lost their habitat for survival, especially those indigenous species. The proposed project is a large scale study of marine fungi in Taiwan. This project aims to document diversity and distribution of marine mangrove fungi along the coastline of western Taiwan and consequently, to establish a database, a herbarium and a culture collection of marine fungi in Taiwan for research purposes. Isolates of the culture collection of marine fungi can be used in applied research through collaboration with other national or international universities and research institutes. Marine fungi have recently been the target organism in many areas of applied research due to the following reasons: (1) peroxidases and laccases from marine fungi have been used to degrade recalcitrant organic pollutants, e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); (2) many marine filamentous fungi produce interesting metabolites; and (3) marine thraustochytrids are capable to produce a high yield of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). After completion of the project, a monograph reporting the diversity and distribution of marine fungi in Taiwan will be complied, while a total six papers will be published in international refereed journals. Concerning training of personnel of Taiwan, four research students will be trained under this project. Results from this study are expected to be presented in the International Marine & Freshwater Mycological Symposium, which will be held in Taiwan in 2009. Students trained from this study will participate and report their findings through oral or poster presentations.

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Inventory of Marine Mangrove Fungi in Taiwan

基本資料

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