Monograph of Marine Mangrove Fungi in Taiwan

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Project title

Code/計畫編號

NSC98-2321-B019-004

Translated Name/計畫中文名

台灣紅樹林海洋真菌誌

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Ka-Lai Pang

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Institute of Marine Biology

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=1934611

Year

2009

Start date/計畫起

01-10-2009

Expected Completion/計畫迄

30-09-2010

Bugetid/研究經費

800千元

ResearchField/研究領域

生物科學

海洋真菌是指生長在海水環境中的腐生性微生物，能生產分解酵素，主要生長在已死的有物質上，包括：枯木、樹葉、果實、海草和海藻。海洋真菌能夠生產分解酵素，把複雜的有機物質降解，成為養份，所以它們是海洋環境裏重要的分解者之一。台灣四面環海，可以給于海洋真菌生長的環境很多。紅樹林因擁有大量掉在海水中的枯木，所以是海洋真菌重要棲息地之一。台灣大約有二十二個紅樹林和四個真紅樹品種，它們是水筆仔、海茄冬、五梨跤和欖李；紅樹林海洋真菌生長在掉下的紅木、樹葉和果實。由於都市化、工業化、以及養漁業的發展，很多台灣的紅樹林都正在縮小或消失，台灣南部的情況尤其嚴重。台灣對海洋真菌的多樣性研究缺乏，之前僅有謝等人(2002) 在台灣記錄了59 種海洋真菌，而其中32 種是在紅樹林發現的。在過去一年，筆者在台灣進行了一項由國科會補助的研究計劃，主要記錄台灣紅樹林海洋真菌的多樣性及其分佈。到目前為止，已從13 個紅樹林一共記錄了55 種海洋真菌，其中包括46 種子囊菌、2 種擔子菌和7 種無性真菌。本兩年期計畫的申請目的主要是把可在台灣發現的紅樹林海洋真菌以文字及圖片作記錄，詳細描述它們的形態與分佈，最後以真菌誌的形式發表。Marine fungi are mainly saprobes in marine ecosystems, growing on various cellulosic materials including woody tissues, leaves, fruits, sea grasses, algae and seaweeds. Ecologically, marine fungi can be commonly classified into algicolous (on algae), arenicolous (on sand) and lignicolous (on wood). Marine fungi produce powerful enzymes (cellulases, lignin peroxidases, Mn-dependent peroxidases and laccases) to mineralize complex organic matters into simpler molecules for nutrient, therefore, they are important in nutrient recycling in marine environments. Currently, there are 530 species (in 321 genera) of marine fungi: Ascomycota 424 species (in 251 genera), anamorphic fungi 94 species (in 61 genera) and Basidiomycota 12 species (in 9 genera). Most marine fungi were described in the period 1980-1989 (135) and 1990-1999 (156), with 43 new species and 25 new genera from the past eight years. In Asia, diversity of marine fungi had been examined in Brunei, China/Hong Kong/Macau, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mauritius, Philippines, Seychelles, Singapore and Thailand on various substrata. Marine mangrove fungi have been extensively studied in Hong Kong, Malaysia and Thailand, where 117, 141 and 147 species were reported respectively. Taiwan is surrounded by ocean, thus providing many environments for colonization of marine fungi, such as rocky shores, mangroves, marshes, etc. In particular, mangrove forest is one of the ideal places for examination of marine fungi as wood and leaves are plentiful for colonization. Taiwan has 22 mangrove forests and four true mangrove species including Kandelia candel, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa and Lumnitzera racemosa. Decaying mangrove substrates (wood, leaves and fruits) support growth of many marine mangrove fungi. Little information is available on the diversity and distribution of marine fungi in Taiwan. Hsieh et al. (2002) have reported 59 species of marine fungi in Taiwan, among those, 32 species was recorded from mangroves. Our on-going study on the diversity of marine fungi, supported by National Science Council, have already recorded 46 species of Ascomycota, 2 species of Basidiomycota and 7 species of anamorphic fungi. At least 2 species are new to science. The proposed 2-year project aims to document the diversity of marine fungi in mangrove environments around Taiwan, in the form of a monograph. This monograph will include full description of the taxa, their distribution in Taiwan and photographic plates containing all important morphological characteristics.

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Monograph of Marine Mangrove Fungi in Taiwan

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