Diversity of Mangrove Halophytophthora in Taiwan, Their Phylogeny and Fatty Acid Production

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基本資料

Project title

Code/計畫編號

MOST104-2621-B019-004

Translated Name/計畫中文名

臺灣紅樹林海生疫病菌多樣性、親源關係以及產脂肪酸能力之探討

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Ka-Lai Pang

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Institute of Marine Biology

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=11575874

Year

2015

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2015

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-07-2016

Bugetid/研究經費

800千元

ResearchField/研究領域

海洋科學

海生疫病菌為水生類真菌屬，多生長於紅樹林落葉上。生長時期產生只有少數分隔的寬菌絲，而繁殖時期則產生無性游動孢子囊及有性卵孢子。目前已知的14 種海生疫病菌中只在臺灣記錄到3 種，多樣性低。由於許多種並無可用的菌株進行親源關係研究，因此要全面性的研究此屬之系統分類較為困難。海生疫病菌可產生各種飽和/不飽和脂肪酸(PUFAs)，包括對人體有益的ARA 和EPA，而不同菌種有不同的脂肪酸組成，如H.avicenniae、H. polymorphica 和H.vesicula 產ARA 和EPA，而H. spinosa var. spinosa 只產ARA。本研究目的為：(1)研究紅樹林落葉上之海生疫病菌在臺灣紅樹林之分佈及多樣性；(2)探討海生疫病菌在不同季節性之多樣性差異； (3)使用多基因來研究臺灣海生疫病菌屬之親源關係； (4)確認臺灣海生疫病菌屬之脂肪酸組成。將在臺灣主要紅樹林進行定期採集以取得落葉，分離菌株後再以形態鑑種及培養；並使用核糖體RNA (18S、ITS、28S)、beta-tubulin、cox I 及II 基因序列進行親源關係研究；另可將其培養於液態培養基進行脂肪酸組成分析。本研究可更加了解臺灣長期處於汙染及人為干擾下的紅樹林，其海生疫病菌之多樣性及親源關係，此外期望找到可產生大量PUFAs 或有獨特脂肪酸組成之菌株/種，並應用於產業。所得結果將會發表於國際研討會，並於國際期刊發表至少兩篇科學論文。Halophytophthora is a genus of aquatic fungus-like organisms, mostly found growing on mangrove leaves in tropical/subtropical latitude. Vegetative phase of Halophytophthora involves the production of wide hyphae with few septa while asexual zoosporangia, where zoospores are produced, and sexual oospores constitute the reproductive phase. They mainly play a degrader role in mangrove environment and zoospores can act as food source for other organisms. Currently, there are 14 species in the genus and only 3 species have been recorded in mangroves of Taiwan. This diversity is considered low, as there are at least 22 mangrove areas in Taiwan. Halophytophthora is recently shown to be a polyphyletic genus; H. tartarea was transferred to a new genus Salisapilia while H. kandeliae and H. spinosa grouped outside the main clade of Halophytophthora (with the type species H. vesicula). Cultures for many species are unavailable for a phylogenetic study, so hindering a comprehensive study of the genus. Halophytophthora has recently been shown to produce various fatty acids, both saturated and unsaturated, including arachidonic acid (ARA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are of human health benefits. Different Halophytophthora exhibited different fatty acid profiles; for instance, H. avicenniae, H. polymorphica and H. vesicula produced both ARA and EPA while H. spinosa var. spinosa produced only ARA. As a result, the objectives of this study are to: (1) study the diversity and distribution of Halophytophthora species on fallen mangrove leaves in major mangrove areas in Taiwan, (2) investigate the seasonal variation on the diversity of Halophytophthora, (3) examine the phylogeny of the isolated Halophytophthora species in Taiwan using a multi-gene approach, and (4) determine the fatty acid profile of species of Halophytophthora isolated in Taiwan. Regular fieldtrips to major mangrove stands in Taiwan will be made and fallen leaf samples will be collected. Halophytophthora species will be isolated, identified based on morphology, and cultured. Ribosomal RNA (18S, ITS, 28S), beta-tubulin, cox I and II genes of different Halophytophthora will be sequenced for a phylogenetic study. These cultures will also be grown in a liquid medium for fatty acid profile analysis. The results of this study will better our understanding on the diversity, distribution and phylogeny of Halophytophthora in Taiwan mangroves, a habitat which is under constant threat by human disturbances and pollution. It is in the hope that a high production isolate/species of PUFAs and/or with unique fatty acid profile will be obtained which can be used for industrial applications. The results of this study will be presented in one international conference and published in at least two papers in international refereed journals.

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Diversity of Mangrove Halophytophthora in Taiwan, Their Phylogeny and Fatty Acid Production

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