Sediment Fungi near Hydrothermal Vents at Kueishan Island, Taiwan: Adaptive Degraders through Physiological and Genomic Analyses

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Project title

Code/計畫編號

MOST107-2621-M019-003

Translated Name/計畫中文名

利用生理實驗和基因體分析研究臺灣龜山島熱泉環境底泥真菌之生態功能

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Ka-Lai Pang

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Institute of Marine Biology

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=12674419

Year

2018

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2018

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-07-2019

Bugetid/研究經費

1160千元

ResearchField/研究領域

自然生態保育

過去兩年共執行兩項科技部計畫，旨在研究臺灣龜山島熱泉真菌之多樣性和生理特性。第一年期計畫以培養及非培養(高通量定序)方式研究海底沉積物中的真菌多樣性；目前進行中的第二年期計畫則研究分離出之真菌對不同鹽度、酸鹼值及溫度的生理變化，調查其是否可生長在海底熱泉系統的環境中。經過前兩個研究計畫，對於龜山島海底熱泉系統中的真菌仍然有許多未解的問題：(1)真菌是否為重要的分解者？ (2)在低酸鹼值、高溫及高濃度金屬離子的環境下，真菌是否為具有活性的分解者？ (3)所分離出之真菌對醣類代謝、金屬耐受性以及對低酸鹼值及高溫的生理適應性上，其基因體的特徵為何？本三年期的計畫將會延續前兩年的研究，探討真菌在龜山島海底熱泉生態系中所扮演的角色。第一年將研究從龜山島海底熱泉分離出的真菌在不同鹽度、酸鹼值及溫度下的酵素組成。全球二氧化碳濃度上升不只是增加海洋溫度，也會使得海水酸化，並增加金屬的溶解度。本計畫第二年將研究在鹽度、酸鹼度及溫度的影響下，金屬離子濃度增加對酵素生產的影響。第三年將依據第二年的結果挑選出一株真菌，定序其全基因體及轉錄體以研究此真菌在鹽度、酸鹼度、溫度以及高金屬離子濃度的特性，以及其可能的生理適應。 Two projects have been funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology for the last two years to study fungi at the hydrothermal vents at Kueishan Island, Yilan, Taiwan. In the first year of the project, culture-dependent and -independent (high throughput sequencing) approaches were used to investigate the diversity of fungi in sediment samples. The second-year project currently in progress is to investigate the effects of salinity, pH and temperature on physiology of the isolated fungi to determine if these fungi were autochthonous at the hydrothermal vent system. After these two years of research, questions remain at the hydrothermal vents at Kueishan Island: (1) are fungi important degraders at the hydrothermal vents? (2) under high concentrations of metal ions at low pH and high temperature, are fungi active degraders? (3) what is the genome characteristics of the active degrader fungi isolated in terms of carbohydrate metabolism, metal tolerance and physiological adaptations to low pH and high temperature, typical of this type of environment? This proposed 3-year project is a follow-up of the previous two projects to investigate the role of fungi at the shallow hydrothermal vent system at Kueishan Island. The first year of the proposed project is to investigate enzyme profiles of the isolated fungi under the combined effects of salinity, pH and temperature. Cellulase, agarase, amylase, chitinase, protease, ligninase and alginase activities of the fungi will be investigated. This proposed project also investigates the effects of warming ocean on fungi. Increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the biosphere not only increases ocean temperature, but also increases acidity of the seawater and in term solubilizes the biologically unavailable metals. In the sediment at the hydrothermal vents at Kueishan Island, sulfur trioxide (SO3), aluminium oxide (Al2O3), iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3), calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO) and sodium oxide (Na2O) were reported to be the major elements. In the second year, the effects of increased concentrations of various metal ions listed above on the production of various enzymes under the combined effect of salinity, pH and temperature will be investigated. In the third year, one fungus will be selected from the results of the second year and its whole genome and transcriptome will be sequenced to study the characteristics of this fungus and to predict its possible physiological adaptations under the combined effects of salinity, pH and temperature and the presence of high metal concentrations. This will be the first detailed study of physiology of fungi isolated from hydrothermal vent ecosystem, enhancing our knowledge on the roles of eukaryotic organisms in such an extreme habitat, compared to prokaryotic organisms. Genome data of terrestrial fungi are abundant in the public database. The genome data produced in this project will enhance our knowledge on genome of fungi in the sea, including their roles and physiological adaptations under extreme environmental conditions. On applied aspects, the genome data can provide information on many other areas, including (novel) genes related to secondary metabolite production and enzymes, which may be of great industrial significance.

Keyword(s)

分解者
生態
酵素
基因體
重金屬
熱泉
生理
沉積物真菌
轉錄體
Degraders
ecology
enzymes
genome
heavy metals
hydrothermal vent
physiology
sediment fungi
transcriptome

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Sediment Fungi near Hydrothermal Vents at Kueishan Island, Taiwan: Adaptive Degraders through Physiological and Genomic Analyses

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