The American-Japan Confrontation in China after World War I：Origins and Realities(II)

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簡歷

基本資料

Project title

Code/計畫編號

MOST108-2410-H019-003-MY2

Translated Name/計畫中文名

一戰後美、日在華對抗論：緣起及其實際情況(II)

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Chun-Hao Ying

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Institute of Oceanic Culture

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=13331990

Year

2020

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2020

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-07-2021

Bugetid/研究經費

477千元

ResearchField/研究領域

歷史

Just after the end of World War I, American-Japanese war rumors appeared in China frequently, and this phenomenon might reflect many crucial dimensions, and worth a further research. In the past, scholars usually tended to consider this issue from the perspectives of geopolitics, living space, trade competition, militarism, naval strategy, etc. However, the racial discrimination and prejudice represented in media propaganda might also lead to the American-Japanese confrontation. How did the American and Japanese newspapers depict the image of the opposite? Did the governments play important roles on the media hype and even take it as a tool for a media war? Would both American and Japanese civilians, influenced by the negative propaganda covered by the newspapers, react too much and result in real diplomatic problems? Besides, especially for those foreigners living in China, such as consuls, military personnel, businessmen, priests, correspondents and common residents, what they saw and how they felt in China might also boost the postwar American-Japanese confrontation. No doubt, the views shared by those on the spot in China, though quietly different from those not on the spot but at home in Washington D.C. and Tokyo, reflected the truth and the actual American-Japanese interactions in China. Furthermore, as the views were then delivered and played up by the news propaganda, they would form a strong public opinion, and even manipulate and formulate the decision making of the governments at home. Thus, not only the diplomats, but also the common people might construct the main diplomatic behaviors. Combined with the interactions from the bottom up and top down, the relationship between America and Japan in China after World War I would be figured out more completely. 一戰結束後不久，美、日戰爭說在中國的甚囂塵上，反映出許多有意義的歷史面向，值得進一步深入探究。過去學界較為傾向從國際（地緣）政治、生存空間、貿易競爭、軍國主義、海軍戰略等大歷史的角度，來思考一戰後美、日在華對抗論的起源。不過，由新聞報紙輿論所體現及其形塑而出的種族歧視、民族偏見，或許也是促成美、日人民敵對態度的重要原因之一。當時美、日報紙究竟如何描繪對方？政府有無故意放縱新聞輿論的炒作與渲染，甚至利用報紙為工具，鼓動民族情緒，來遂行外交輿論戰？兩國人民在頻繁接觸到報紙所營造出的彼此負面形象後，會不會在實際互動時，做出過於激烈的反應，而在現實中構成外交問題？其次，對於那些實際生活在中國的美國人與日本人，包括領事、軍人、商旅、教士、記者以及一般僑民等，他們眼中所看的中國現況，以及對於彼此的直覺印象與觀感，也都有可能助長一戰後美、日對抗論。這些「在地」(those on the spot)的觀點，縱然未必與那些「不在」中國而遠在華盛頓與東京的政府高層官員(those not on the spot)一致，然而毋庸諱言地，所謂的「在地」觀點，非但能夠反映出最赤裸裸的美、日在華互動情況，有時透過新聞媒體的傳遞與渲染，形成沛然莫之能禦的公眾輿論力量，也會對於政府決策造成牽制與影響。畢竟，外交並不總是由上而下，侷限於政府高層政治家與外交官的專屬品，有時也會由下而上，兩國間第一線官方與民間人員的往來互動，也會構成外交行為。而上下互動交織的而成外交活動，或許更能構成一戰後美、日在華關係的完整面貌。

Keyword(s)

美日戰爭論
一戰後美日在華對抗
輿論戰
反日運動
聯美制日
American-Japanese War Rumors
American-Japanese Confrontation in China after World War I
Media War
Anti-Japanese Movement
Sino-American Cooperation against Japan

DSpace CRIS

The American-Japan Confrontation in China after World War I：Origins and Realities(II)

基本資料

Description