The Investigation and Assessment of the Shark Resources off Taiwan Waters

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Project title

Code/計畫編號

103農科-11.2.1-漁-F3(Z)

Translated Name/計畫中文名

沿近海鯊魚漁業資源調查評估研究

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Kwang-Ming Liu

Funding Organization/主管機關

Council of Agriculture,Executive Yuan

Co-Investigator(s)/共同執行人

吳金鎮
蕭仁傑
莊守正
廖翊雅

Department/Unit

George Chen Shark Research Center

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=11385737

Year

2014

Start date/計畫起

01-01-2014

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-12-2014

Bugetid/研究經費

4190千元

ResearchField/研究領域

漁業
生物技術(農)

近年來，鯊魚之資源保育與管理成為國際保育團體所注目的焦點。大型鮫類具有成長緩慢、產仔數少、成熟晚等特性，若未給予適當的漁業管理，很可能會因不當的漁獲壓力導致其資源崩潰枯竭，為確保大型鮫類族群得以延續，進行資源之保育及管理勢在必行。WCPFC以及IATTC已禁止漁獲污斑白眼鮫。台灣之鯊魚總漁獲量於近十年來約排名於世界前五名，可說是漁獲鯊魚大國。近年來由於公海資源的日漸枯竭，各洋區漁業組織均紛紛採取各項管理措施，鯊魚漁獲也因此受到某種程度的限制與關注，而國際間針對鯊魚混獲的管理也愈發嚴格，身為鯊魚漁業大國的我國，對於鯊魚之永續利用及保育實責無旁貸。然而，鯊魚資源的保育和管理有賴紮實的科學基礎，唯有在這樣的條件下，才能協助管理者制定方向正確及有效之決策。沿近海鯊魚漁業活動進行調查分析及資源評估：本研究的目的為瞭解台灣周邊海域捕鯊漁業活動的實際作業情形，其重點如下：一、釐清船籍為東港（含小琉球）、蘇澳、新港等地區以鯊魚為主要漁獲對象之時空分布、漁船艘數及作業型態。二、對以鯊魚為主要漁獲對象漁船之年漁獲量進行統計分析，包括單船鯊魚漁獲量佔單船總漁獲量之比例，所捕鯊魚物種組成及鯊魚漁獲物流向。三、瞭解臺灣周邊海域重要漁港之捕獲大型鯊魚的漁船艘數及其種類組成、漁獲量、混獲比例，進行全盤瞭解。四、經由統計分析後，瞭解臺灣沿近海大型鯊魚的年漁獲量變動的情形，及其銷售方式與主要需求市場。五、本研究所獲得資料可進一步作為資源評估或漁業管理重要之參考依據。瀕危大型軟骨魚類調查研究之本研究目標為：一、其他大型軟骨魚類漁獲訊息及漁獲努力量資料分析。二、其他大型軟骨魚類漁業生物學資料蒐集及初步分析。三、進行定置網業者通報鯨鯊數量的30%，或總數25尾被定置網所誤捕鯨鯊之資料及分佈紀錄，包括肌肉組織採取、影像紀錄。四、分析台灣沿近海域誤捕鯨鯊之年齡及性別組成。五、分析台灣周邊海域鯨鯊之洄游路徑。六、分析台灣周邊海域鯨鯊之垂直移動情形。七、分析台灣周邊海域鯨鯊洄游、移動及環境因子關係。八、大型軟骨魚類進行標識放流及追蹤的可行性評估。鯊魚魚翅加工利用現況、進出口之資料進行調查：一、我國主要鯊魚漁獲之生產地魚市場漁獲調查與分析。二、鯊魚翅進出口貿易現況調查。三、實施鯊魚鰭不離身後，進出口貿易變化之調查。四、鯊魚肉之進出口貿易現況調查。五、建立區域性漁業管理組織禁捕及保育組織關注鯊種之魚翅型態辨識方法。藉由分子生物技術，了解市售鯊魚魚翅之鯊魚物種組成：已有許多研究以DNA生命條碼的技術鑑定鯊魚產品的種類，尤其當該產品的魚體外觀特徵已被移除時。這些研究累積許多遺傳資訊，因此我們將利用既有的資訊，進行鑑驗國內港口所拍賣的鯊魚魚鰭種類，包括南方澳，前鎮，東港與新港，並且也從零售商店購買魚翅產品，鑑定該產品的鯊魚種類。鑑定結果預期將能提供漁政單位，關於國內所捕撈與販售的鯊魚魚翅種類，並且了解是否有違法捕撈販售禁捕的種類，及其比例。此研究結果對於鯊魚保育與管理將有很大的助益。Analysis and investigation on shark fisheries activities and stock assessment of the shark resources off Taiwan waters. The purpose of this study is tried to understand the real operation situation of shark fishing activities around the waters of Taiwan and focused on the following: (1) To clarify the fishing boats belonged to Tongkang, Hsiao-liu-chiu, Suao and Chengkung fishing ports about their temporal and spatial distribution of shark catches, amount of fishing vessels and operating situation. (2) To do statistics analysis of the annual catches data of fishing vessels which their main catches object are as the sharks including the ratio of shark catch to total catches for one single vessel, the composition of shark catches of one single ship and sale channels of shark catches. (3) To fully understand the data of the important fishing ports caught the large sharks including number of fishing vessels, species composition, catch amount, and bycatch in. the waters around Taiwan. (4) From statistical analysis to understand the changes in the annual catches of sharks around Taiwan＆apos;s coastal waters, their sales approach, and main market demand. (5) The results of this study can be as an important reference for resource assessment or fisheries management in future. Survey on import and export trade of shark fin current status and construct the method for identifying the morphology of shark fin of catch-banned shark species: The important work items of this study in this year are as follows: (1) investigation and analysis on the catch amount of sharks of several main shark fishing ports; (2) Surveying on the current status of import and export of shark fin trade; (3) Investigation on the changes of amount in import and export trade after implementation of shark fins binding with body measure; (4) Investigation on current status of domestic and import and export trade of shark meats; (5) Established the method for identifying the morphology of shark fin obtained from the shark species catch-banned by regional fisheries management organization or those species concerned by the conservation organization. Species identification of shark fin using DNA barcode: Ample studies had used DNA barcode technique to identify the shark species from the parts of the shark body e.g., shark fin when the morphological feature was removed. Previous studies have accumulated sufficient genetic information of chondrichthyan species in the database, which enables us to apply DNA barcode as a method to identify shark species from the shark fins landed in the harbors of Taiwan as well as from the shark fins products in the retail shops. All the DNA sequence data will be aligned to reference specimens in a DNA barcode database to identify the examined species. The surveyed outcomes are anticipated to provide information of shark species landed in Taiwan, which is useful for fishing authorities to assess potential illegal catch and trade of protected shark species. The anticipated results will provide valuable information for shark management and conservation.

Keyword(s)

資源評估
平滑白眼鮫
鯊魚
污斑白眼鮫
物種鑑定
鯊魚魚翅
漁業活動
時空分布
DNA生命條碼
瀕危大型軟骨魚
標識放流
鯨鯊
鰭不離身
鯊魚鰭識別
鯊魚翅
貿易
Stock assessment
Silk Shark
Shark
Oceanic whitetip shark
Species identification
Shark fin
Fisheries Activities
Temporal and Spatial Distribution
DNA barcode

DSpace CRIS

The Investigation and Assessment of the Shark Resources off Taiwan Waters

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