Meta-Frontier Framework for the Decomposition of Economic Inefficiency under the Imperfect Competition Market: an Application to International Airlines(III)

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Project title

Code/計畫編號

MOST107-2410-H019-013-MY3

Translated Name/計畫中文名

考慮不完全競爭市場與共同邊界下經濟無效率拆解之研究-以各區域航空公司為例(III)

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Ming-Miin Yu

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Department of Transportation Science

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=13323720

Year

2020

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2020

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-10-2021

Bugetid/研究經費

807千元

ResearchField/研究領域

經濟學

了解由於無法有效利用既有生產技術或潛在可能的最好技術將投入與產出及配合適當投入、產出價格所造成的利潤缺口，一直是管理上需要了解的問題。在具有共同生產邊界下衡量因生產技術差異及價格差異所引起的利潤缺口是本研究的目的。傳統利潤效率的衡量大多假設在給定的生產技術及價格下進行效率衡量，本研究將放寬完全競爭市場下單一生產技術及固定價格的假設，考慮因市場不完全競爭下多元生產技術及非固定價格的利潤無效率的衡量及其因素的拆解。本研究提出共同邊界下之新價值為基礎的利潤無效率拆解模式，並以亞太，北美及歐洲三個地區之主要國際航空公司為例，三年期計畫提供文獻三大貢獻：首先是在不完全競爭市場下，建立單一生產技術下具有非固定投入及產出價格下的經濟無效率拆解模式，其次是在第一年的基礎下，進一步將共同邊界考慮進來，進一步分析因技術缺口造成的經濟無效率來源。第三年進一步放寬前兩年計畫將所有受評估單位視為均有相同投入、產出項，考慮當投入與產出具有異質性下，也就是允許受評估單位的投入、產出可以不同，建立以價值為基礎利潤無效率拆解模式。此共同邊界下以價值為基礎利潤無效率拆解模式提供更符合航空公司在國際競爭環境下全面性的分析架構。此三年計畫所提供的完整的經濟無效率來源的分析架構，更進一步讓航空公司管理者了解除技術無效率及分配無效率外的市場無效率及技術、價格與成本/收入組合缺口所造成的利潤缺口。Management would like to know the profit loss from not efficiently using inputs to produce outputs by adopting proper unit prices in inputs and outputs, when meta-technology might not be feasible due to production limitations or market inefficiencies or both. How to evaluate both technological and pricing differences in profit efficiency in the presence of heterogeneous group technologies is an issue to be addressed. Under the circumstances of heterogeneous group technologies or the law of one price of traditional profit efficiency methods, the traditional profit efficiency decomposition is not credible. So we must take full account of defects from the perspective of the law of one price in a perfect competitive market, when price differences are due to different competitive environments and the presence of heterogeneous production technologies. This study develops a new value-based profit efficiency model with a meta-frontier framework to decompose profit loss due to different inefficiency components. This study plan to conduct an illustrative empirical analysis based on a data set of international airline companies representing three main regions of the world, Asia/Oceania, Europe and North America, and this three-year project offers the efficiency measurement literature a threefold contribution. First, we decompose economic efficiency of airlines with homogeneous inputs and outputs under the imperfect competition market assumption. This makes it possible to relax the assumption of fixed uniform input and output prices with homogeneous inputs and outputs, and overcome a critical shortcoming if the unit prices of both the inputs and outputs are not identical across DMUs in the economy. Second, this study further considers technological heterogeneities across groups of firms, and the above method is used with a meta-frontier framework to evaluate efficiency gaps, which measures the potential improvement in performance resulting from changes in the production environment. Third, the decomposition of profit efficiency of DMUs with non-homogeneous inputs/outputs and different prices considering technology heterogeneities due to a set of inefficiency factors helps identify the major reason for the loss in the performance of an airline. This comprehensive profit inefficiency measure that accounts for not only technical and market inefficiencies but also technological gap makes it possible to have a comprehensive analysis of the current situation of more intense international competition around the world.

Keyword(s)

資料包絡分析
經濟效率
不完全競爭
市場效率
航空公司
Data envelopment analysis
Economic efficiency
Imperfect competition market
Market efficiency
Airline

DSpace CRIS

Meta-Frontier Framework for the Decomposition of Economic Inefficiency under the Imperfect Competition Market: an Application to International Airlines(III)

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