Multi-Reservoir Operations for Water Supply and Flood Mitigation (III)

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簡歷

基本資料

Project title

Code/計畫編號

NSC93-2211-E019-001

Translated Name/計畫中文名

水庫聯合供水與防洪操作系統之研究(III)

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Wen-Cheng Huang

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Department/Unit

Department of Harbor and River Engineering

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=983004

Year

2004

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2004

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-07-2005

Bugetid/研究經費

527千元

ResearchField/研究領域

土木水利工程

根據水資源機關之推估，民國八十一年至八十六年之六年期間，每年總需水量將增加十億立方公尺，進而達到 202 億立方公尺，而至民國 100 年時總用水量將達 213 億立方公尺。在用水量遽增以及水資源開發困難的情況下，如何加強水資源營運效率，並做到最佳化利用便成為當下迫切需要解決的問題。目前台灣地區水庫操作皆以個別水庫的規線為依據，面對水庫根據規線單獨操作無法滿足用水標的之困境，本研究擬以多水庫聯合操作為出發點，利用特定點規線訂定法配合遺傳演算法建立多水庫聯合操作規線優選模式，並以淡水河流域之石門水庫與翡翠水庫聯合操作系統為研究案例，制定出多水庫聯合操作之操作規線。水庫之操作除了一般時期依操作規線操作外，於颱洪期間則必須依水庫防洪操作規則進行防洪操作。目前台灣水庫之防洪操作方法則是根據氣象局所發佈之可能降雨量，配合水庫之水位制定水庫蓄放水量之規範，此種操作規則並無法充分提供操作者於防洪操作上一充分之依據，放水時機與放水量多寡事實上還要倚重操作者之經驗，因此也提高了颱洪時期防洪操作之風險。針對此一問題，本研究提出一從雨量預估到水庫防洪操作規則制定之完整模式，希望能為操作者提供一颱洪時期水庫防洪操作之明確充分之依據。針對水庫聯合供水利用之問題，研究中則基於區域性水資源聯合調度觀點，應用特殊點規線制定方法配合遺傳演算法，建立石門-翡翠水庫聯合運轉規線分析模式，以求得於聯合操作模式下，個別水庫之聯合操作規線與共同供水區域之最佳供水分配比。結果顯示，石門水庫於聯合操作後，供水效益改善相當明顯。而翡翠水庫於聯合操作下，若以供應大台北地區需水為優先，缺水程度影響程度不大。翡翠水庫枯水期間約可供應板新地區約 85 萬噸/日，豐水期間約可供應板新地區約 65 萬噸/日，滿足支援板新水源量之旬數百分比則可維持於 80%以上。可見本研究提出之二水庫聯合供水操作應為一有效利用方式，同時遺傳演算法亦為一有效之優選方法，於學理之應用具突破性意義。針對水庫防洪操作問題，本研究主要建立一具完整性之水庫防洪操作策略模式，從考慮颱風降雨影響因子到最後水庫防洪操作規則的訂定，每個演算步驟都可提供一明確且適用之演算方法，期望能在不增加水庫操作風險的前提下，於颱洪過後能有效蓄留住水資源，以供往後一般時期水庫供水操作使用。研究結果顯示，即使在各種不同預估降雨強度條件下，利用本研究所發展之防洪操作模式進行線上操作分析，以定量放水原則判定水庫出流歷線，皆能較現行防洪操作規則蓄留住更多水量，有效提高水庫供水效益，同時於水庫防洪操作過程中亦可提早放水時機，以降低防洪操作之風險。In general terms, the operation of a water resources system like a reservoir can be classified as a long-term or short-term operation. The former may be regarded as the “macroscopic” view of reservoir operation such as monthly, decade (10-day), or weekly operations, while the latter one is viewed as the “microscopic” aspect of operation, focusing on daily or even hourly sequences of decisions. The objectives of this study are: (1) to develop the joint long-term reservoir operating rule curves of Feitsui and Shihmen in northern Taiwan, base on the genetic algorithm-based simulation. (2) to build the short-term operation of single-reservoir for flood mitigation, consisting of rainfall generation, runoff simulation, and outflow decision making. In practice, “rule curves” generally regulates reservoir operations. In an area of uneven water distribution, reservoirs can stabilize the water flow to mitigate water problems of floods or droughts. Therefore, a task to operate reservoirs efficiently is essential. However no single model, such as optimization or simulation, is available to solve all problems. In this study, a GA-based simulation is presented to develop the joint rule curves of multiple reservoir systems. A real two-parallel-reservoir system, the Feitsui and Shihmen reservoir system in northern Taiwan, is selected to demonstrate its applicability of the GA-based simulation model on a complex water resource system. Due to the torrential rains occurred during the typhoon season, flood mitigation of reservoir operation is unique important in Taiwan. In this study, typhoons over Taiwan are classified into five categories according to different typhoon paths. The relationship between rainfall and runoff is fitted by unit hydrograph. Based on the most common operational strategy, regulable control reservoir keeps the outflow on a constant level, the constant release could ensure the complete utilization of the available storage capacity.

Keyword(s)

多水庫聯合調度
操作規線
遺傳演算法
防洪操作
定量放水
reservoir joint operations
rule curves
genetic algorithms
flood mitigation
constant release

DSpace CRIS

Multi-Reservoir Operations for Water Supply and Flood Mitigation (III)

基本資料

Description