Effect of Shrimp Chitosan on the Animal Intestinal Bacteria

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Project title

Code/計畫編號

DOH90-TD-1017

Translated Name/計畫中文名

蝦殼幾丁聚醣對腸內細菌之影響

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Guo-Jane Tsai

Funding Organization/主管機關

State-owned Enterprise Commission ,SEC

Co-Investigator(s)/共同執行人

江孟燦

Department/Unit

Department of Food Science

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=652741

Year

2000

Start date/計畫起

01-07-1999

Expected Completion/計畫迄

01-05-2000

Co-Investigator(s)

Meng-Tsan Chiang

Bugetid/研究經費

478千元

ResearchField/研究領域

生物技術(理)

蝦殼為幾丁質重要來源之一，源自甲殼類之幾丁質/幾丁聚醣已廣泛被應用在醫藥、農業、紡織、飼料及製紙工業上。幾丁聚醣具良好抑菌（抗菌）能力，對常見食品病原菌及腐敗菌均有效果，可用於食品保鮮上。其對細菌之抑菌能力與細菌之革蘭氏染色區分種類無關，主要與菌體表面價電荷有關，幾丁聚醣分子量大小、構型及去乙醯度均會影響其抑菌能力，已知分子構型展開及去乙醯度增加，均有利於其抑菌活性。除了抑菌作用外，幾丁聚醣可活化巨噬細胞，強化生物體對病原菌的抵抗能力，以及抑制腫瘤細胞的生長。同時，其可降低動物對脂質的吸收率，降低血液及肝臟中總脂質、三酸甘油脂及膽固醇含量，因此，目前被視為保健食品販售。雖然幾丁聚醣目前被認為是膳食纖維，因此可能具有一般膳食纖維的功能，如前述的降低脂質、膽固醇，以及影響腸內菌相等，然而，幾丁聚醣由於本身為多價正電荷大分子物質，本身即具抑菌（抗菌）作用，因此其對動物腸道內細菌之影響，即包含膳食纖維提供腸內細菌營養物的角色，以及本身對腸內細菌之抗菌作用之兩種不同層面，又由於其抗菌作用能力與菌體表面價電荷大小有關，後者常隨菌種（甚至菌株）而易，無法預估，因此，幾丁聚醣對動物腸道細菌之最終影響到底為何？當人們因其其他保健功能（降膽固醇、防癌等）而攝食幾丁聚醣時，對腸內細菌影響到底為何？這是我們必須先確認的問題。因此，本研究將先以體外測試法探討蝦殼幾丁聚醣對腸內細菌生長的影響，再進行大白鼠餵食試驗，探討其對大白鼠腸內細菌的影響。若結果顯示其具有改善腸內細菌功能，則未來將更進一步探討對人類腸內細菌之影響。 "Shrimp shell is one of the main sources of chitin. Crustacean chitin and its derivative, chitosan, have been widely used in various fields, such as medical, agricultural, fabric, feed and paper technologies. In general, chitosan has good antimicrobial activity against food-bone pathogens and spoilage microorganisms, and shows potential in food preservation. There is no apparent correlation of bacterial Gram reaction with the antibacterial effect of chitosan. Factors such as surface charge of cells, molecular size, conformation and deacetylation degree (DD) of chitosan will affect the bactericidal activity of chitosan. Chitosan with more extending conformation and higher DD shows higher bactericidal activity. Besides antimicrobial activity, chitosan shows potent immunological activities for activation of macrophage, suppression of tumor cells, and stimulation of non-specific host resistance against pathogen infection. In addition, chitosan can decrease the absorption rate of lipid from food, the contents of total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol. Therefore, it is sold in market as healthy food. Chitosan, due to its polysaccharide structure with β-1,4-linkage, is a dietary fiber. Therefore, it might have the characteristic function of dietary fiber, such as affecting the flora of intestinal bacteria and decrease absorption of lipid and cholesterol. However, the special characteristic for the multiple positive charge of chitosan contributes its bactericidal activity. Therefore, the conclusive influence of chitosan on animal intestinal bacteria may come from the combination effects of nutritional roles for intestinal bacteria as the typitical dietary fiber did, and the bactericidal results of chitosan. It’s difficult to predict these combination effects. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm these effects before we can further consume chitosan as health food for its other physiological activity. In this project, we’ll investigate in vitro the effect of shrimp chitosan o n the proliferation of intestinal bacteria. Then, the effect of shrimp chitosan on the rat intestinal bacteria by oral feeding test will be evaluated. Its effect on humal intestinal bacteria will be further examed in future if the positive result is obtained from this research."

Keyword(s)

生物科技
生技製藥
技術移轉
技術授權

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Effect of Shrimp Chitosan on the Animal Intestinal Bacteria

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