Geographical Variations of Diatoms-Copepods Interactions

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Project title

Code/計畫編號

NSC99-2923-B019-001-MY2

Translated Name/計畫中文名

矽藻與橈足類互動關係之地理分佈差異研究

Project Coordinator/計畫主持人

Jiang-Shiou Hwang

Funding Organization/主管機關

National Science and Technology Council

Co-Investigator(s)/共同執行人

周宏農

Department/Unit

Institute of Marine Biology

Website

https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=2201091

Year

2011

Start date/計畫起

01-05-2011

Expected Completion/計畫迄

01-04-2012

Bugetid/研究經費

1200千元

ResearchField/研究領域

海洋科學

矽藻一向被認為有益於海洋生物的成長與生存，並可經由食物鏈將有機能量傳輸至頂級消費者，也因此對養殖業非常重要。然而1993 年開始，越來越多實驗證據開始挑戰此觀念；亦即對海洋浮游動物中主要組成之橈足類而言，矽藻真的為良好且無害之食物來源嗎？許多實驗顯示儘管矽藻可為橈足類動物幼體的成長提供一個能量來源，但也往往導致繁殖力與（或）孵化成功性降低。在這議題上，先前的研究在溫帶地區已被證實，但亞熱帶及熱帶地區在關於矽藻與橈足類動物之間的互相影響卻甚少被研究。目前本計劃的目標是去提升於亞熱帶及熱帶地區（台灣）關於矽藻與橈足類動物之間互相影響的研究，以找出這些相互影響在不同地理上的差異。主要想回答的問題是：（一）、橈足類動物是否具選擇性地區別及防備矽藻釋出的有害分子，以避免攝取它們？（二）、橈足類動物對矽藻的選擇性攝食是否影響它們的游泳或攝食行為？（三）、矽藻的毒性是否影響橈足類動物的游泳或避免毒害行為？（四）、不同的橈足類動物種類（溫帶與亞熱帶種類）在化學物質傳遞上的反應是否相異？（五）、亞熱帶橈足類生殖率是否與溫帶橈足類一樣會被矽藻引申出的氧化油脂質影響？（六）、使用在地中海橈足類傳遞系統實驗之脂質體，是否能同樣使用在亞熱帶及熱帶橈足類動物的身上，以測驗毒性強度？將進行的實驗包括用攝影記錄溫帶與亞熱帶橈足類接觸矽藻(非矽藻)食物、不同脂質體或氧化油脂時之攝食行為、生長狀態，以得知浮游動物對食物選擇性及行為改變；並應用雷射掃描顯微鏡檢技術，找出潛在有毒矽藻分子的有害影響。我們的研究將可以（一）、知道由矽藻所釋放出的PUAs 對橈足類生長的影響，以及是否有地理上的差異。（二）、成為第一個研究橈足類對毒性與非毒性矽藻的攝食選擇性。（三）、在矽藻的PUAs 引起橈足類動物細胞凋零的早期，即可應用雷射掃描顯微鏡檢查技術發現。 Diatoms have traditionally been viewed as beneficial to the growth and survival of marine organisms, and to the transfer of organic materials through the food chain to top consumers and important fisheries. As of 1993, however, there has been accumulating evidence that has progressively challenged the view that diatoms are good and harmless food items for copepods, the dominant constituent of the marine zooplankton. It has been shown that while diatoms may provide a source of energy for copepod larval growth, they often reduce fecundity and/or hatching success. Since all these previous researches on this topic have been realized only in temperate regions, very little is known about the interaction of diatoms and copepods in subtropical and tropical regions. The aim of the present project is to promote research on diatom-copepod interactions in a subtropical region (Taiwan) in order to detect any geographical variation about these interactions. The main questions to be answered are: 1) Do copepods selectively discriminate against diatom-derived molecules so as to avoid ingesting them? 2) Does the grazing selectivity of copepods on diatoms affect their swimming behavior? 3) Does the toxicity of diatoms affect the swimming behavior of copepods? 4) Do chemically-mediated responses differ in different copepod species (temperate and subtropical species)? 5) Is copepod reproduction affected by the same diatom-derived oxylipins in subtropical regions as in temperate areas? 6) Can the same liposomes used as the delivery system for Mediterranean copepods be used to test the toxicity level in subtropical and tropical copepods? Grazing, video recording, and development experiments of both temperate and subtropical copepods in contact with diatom/non diatom food, liposomes formulation or oxylipin incubation will be conducted in order to detect copepods selectivity and behaviour, and also potential harmful effects of toxic diatom molecules on copepods using laser scanning microscopy techniques. Our studies will 1) allow us to identify geographical variations in the effect of PUAs released by diatoms on the development of copepods; 2) be the first to elucidate grazing selectivity of copepods on toxic and nontoxic diatoms; 3) permit the early detection of copepod apoptosis induced by diatoms PUAs on copepods by using laser scanning microscopy techniques.

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Geographical Variations of Diatoms-Copepods Interactions

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