Recovery of Penaeus monodon from functional anaemia after exposure to sublethal concentration of nitrite at different pH levels

Abstract

Tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon following 24 h exposure to 0.002 (control), 0.072 and 0.718 mM ammonia were examined for the free amino acid (FAA), ammonia and urea levels in the hemolymph, gill, hepatopancreas and muscle. Control shrimps contained total FAA in hemolymph (1.19 mu mol ml(-1)), gill (21.81 mu mol g(-1)), hepatopancreas (100.81 mu mol g(-1)) and muscle 239.54 mu mol g(-1)). Glycine and arginine were the major contributors to the total FAA pool, and made up of 90% of the total FAA in the muscle of P. monodon. The total FAA level in the hemolymph increased directly with ambient ammonia, whereas the total FAA level in the hepatopancreas was inversely related to ambient ammonia. No significant difference of total FAA was observed ill the gill and muscle among the shrimps in three treatments. Ammonia level increased by 160% in hemolymph, 105% in gill, 236%, in hepatopancreas and 68% in muscle for the shrimps exposed to 0.718 mM ammonia. Urea and ornithine in the hepatopancreas increased by 107 and 1446%, whereas arginine level in the hepatopancreas decreased by 50% For the 0.718 mM ammonia-exposed shrimps. Decreases of arginine and other FAA with a concomitant increase of ornithine and urea level in the hepatopancreas indicated catabolism of FAA and ureogenesis. Increases of ammonia, urea, taurine, glutamine, proline, alanine, glycine and asparagine ill the hemolymph revealed a intracellular osmoregulation for P. monodon under the stress of ambient ammonia at 0.718 mM. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.