視覺能力對安全駕駛之影響分析與換照制度之探討

Abstract

Driving performance is essentially related to drivers' physical ability. According to the prior study, more than 90% of roadside and on-road information are collected by human eyes. Obviously, visual ability is an important influence factor to safe driving. Many foreign countries have noticed the importance of visual ability on driving safety. They also include visual ability as a primary examination item in the relicensing system. Furthermore, some countries developed a reporting system to request drivers and/or doctors to report to the licensing agencies if drivers cannot satisfy the visual requirements of fitness to drive. The relicensing system in our country, on the other hand, need to be reviewed and some regulations and rules on drivers' visual abilities have to be implemented. This study reviews the associations between visual ability and fitness to drive and analyzes the importance of visual ability. In addition, this study summaries some current regulations and rules on visual ability in several developed countries and Taiwan. The findings of this study point out that our relicensing system needs to be reexamined and it is very important to introduce a substantial medical evaluation system into the licensing system.在車輛駕駛過程中，用路人的四肢五官與駕駛行為績效習習相關。其中尤以眼睛所接收的訊號佔人腦接收訊號的90%以上，因此視覺能力為影響駕駛能力，甚至左右駕駛安全性的重要因素。目前許多國家的監理主管機關相當重視駕駛人視覺能力對於安全駕駛的影響，並於駕照發放及使用的過程中，建立完整且持續的視覺能力檢核及追蹤機制，將駕駛人、發照單位和醫療單位結合，形成一完整的通報體系，以確保用路人的安全防護，反觀我國在此一方面的相關規定與制度，則仍有待加強。本研究透過安全駕駛與駕駛適合性的探討，分析駕駛人視覺能力對安全駕駛行為的影響，並進一步整理與比較先進國家和我國在安全駕駛管理制度中有關視覺能力相關規定，以作為未來我國研擬與訂定相關安全管理規定及建立駕駛執照考、審、驗制度之參考。