海洋體驗活動對護理人員正向心理資本及工作調適之影響

Abstract

護理人員因為工時長及工作壓力大造成普遍流動率偏高，而其中工作調適在過程中扮演很重要的角色。研究指出工作調適跟護理人員如何看待工作的觀點有關，若護理人員有更強的正向心理資本，則在工作調適上較佳，而海洋體驗則會影響心情。本研究目的：透過海洋體驗活動可以有效提升體驗者情緒，並有效幫助民眾產生正向心理作用。方法：本研究透過準實驗設計模式，研究護理人員從事海洋動態體驗及靜態體驗活動對於正向心理資本及工作調適的影響，共計安排兩場動態體驗活動以及一場靜態體驗活動，並於體驗後一個月內進行體驗人員深度訪談。結果：動態體驗組的實驗對象中，工作調適前後測成長7.22%，正向心理資本則增加9.44%，但靜態體驗組工作調適只增加2.08%，正向心理資本也只增加1.87%，表示動態體驗活動可以有效的提升護理人員工作調適及正向心理資本。進一步分析發現，動態體驗組在工作調適及正向心理資本的改變都比控制組及靜態體驗組高。另外體驗式學習對工作調適的改變有都正向的影響，而正向心理資本的改變中介體驗學習對於工作調適的影響。另外本研究訪談參與靜態體驗與動態體驗人員發現，體驗活動的確可以強化工作調適與正向心理資本，但持續時間約一至兩周不等，透過相關影像回顧與討論或是相關產品又可以有回憶效果。結論：本研究除了證實了海洋體驗對於護理人員的工作調適以及正向心理資本的影響外，也可強化海洋教育推動之必要性。Taiwanese nurses face long working hours and high pressure, which cause a high turnover rate. Research has indicated that nurses with higher positive psychological capital are likely to increase their work adjustment. Some researchers have suggested that the power of the ocean may increase happiness and health. They have also determined that ocean experience can influence individual emotion, involvement motivation, perceived life quality, and travel satisfaction. Purpose: This research examined the relationships among ocean experience, positive psychological capital, and work adjustment among the nursing population. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design to test the effects of different ocean experiences on nurse's positive psychological capital and work adjustment. The researchers also interviewed the participants after their ocean experience activities. Results: The results revealed that the experience of partaking in water activities significantly increased the nurses' work adjustment and positive psychological capital. Furthermore, the experiential learning offered by the water activity experience was positively related to work adjustment, and this relationship was found to be mediated by positive psychological capital. The qualitative data revealed that the water activity experience indeed reduced the pressure on the nurses and enhanced their work adjustment and positive psychological capital. Conclusion: This study not only identified the positive effect of ocean activity experience on nurses' work adjustment and positive psychological capital but also highlights the importance of promoting marine education.