臺灣海洋文化教育發展與教育政策方向

Abstract

臺灣除了四面環海外，也因位處亞洲核心地帶，從史前時代就是南島文化的發源地，近期更因地理位置關係經歷了大航海時代、荷西殖民時代、明鄭時期、漢人移居來台、清朝時期、日據時期、國民政府搬遷來臺到海禁時期的特殊歷史發展。也因為海洋與臺灣人民互動密切，因此在海洋歷史、海洋文學、海洋藝術、海洋宗教信仰與節慶都有蓬勃的發展。本文旨在從海洋教育的觀點探討臺灣海洋文化教育之發展與現況，分別就臺灣海洋文化教育的發展、臺灣海洋文化教育政策、海洋文化教育課程、海洋文化教育教材進行描述，並針對臺灣海洋文化教育未來發展提出三點歸納建議，包括（一）促進海洋文化研究與海洋教育整合發展、（二）推動海洋文化教育法源依據、（三）鼓勵地方產業發展與環境永續教育。Taiwan is an island which locates in the core position of Asian region. Taiwan is also the source of south island culture from Prehistoric era. Modern times also experience Great Voyage Time (Age of discovery), Holland and Spain colonial era, Ming Zheng era, Qing dynasty era, Japanese colonial era, Republic of China move to Taiwan, and Sea ban (Boycott) era. Because the special history development with the ocean, people's life is highly related to the ocean. It causes rich development of marine history, marine literature, marine art, marine religion, and marine festival. This article descripts Taiwan marine culture education development and situation from educational perspectives. Respectively discuss from Taiwan marine culture education development, Taiwan Marine culture education policy, Taiwan marine culture curriculum, and Taiwan marine culture teaching materials. The results conclude three suggestions: (1) Promote the integrated development between marine culture research and marine education research. (2) Promote the legal support for marine culture education. (3) Encourage local marine culture research and environmental sustainable development.