外籍移工子女在臺灣的生活狀況與人權保障

Abstract

近年來，外籍移工在臺灣所生子女中，部分因雙親或其一方為非法居留、或已歸國、或因生母生產後行蹤不明等因素而陷於非法居留狀態；另一方面，此些孩童或少年因已知雙親一方非本國籍，故無法循無國籍兒童歸化本國籍途徑進行收養，同時亦因其本身非屬本國籍或無戶籍登記而使其實際上遭臺灣現行社會安全制度所排除適用，導致此些無依孩童或少年，不論在生活照顧、健康醫療、就學或升學甚至於就業機會等基本生活需求上，處於無法獲得與一般國民待遇相當的基本權利保障的困境。是以，本文將透過具體事例剖析出在臺非本國籍無依孩童或少年欠缺社會保護的實態，並從國際人權公約觀點檢視在臺移工子女的權益保障現況，進一步呈現出臺灣現行法律政策與國際人權公約規範間的具體落差。Some of migrant workers' children born in Taiwan and these children have treated as non-legal immigrants by law. Either one of parents is illegal to stay in Taiwan, or parents left Taiwan without them, or mother ran away once had delivered her baby. Additionally, these children or teenagers were known that one of parents is not a citizen of Taiwan, consequently there is no legal way to adopt these children or teenagers having no nationality, certificate, registration or citizenship. Currently, there is no social security system to protect these group of children for their basic living care, medical care service, attending school, opportunity to employ or basic human rights. This paper use real examples to analyze these non-citizenship children or teenagers that lacked the social protection from the perspective of human rights conventions in order to further demonstrate the gap between Taiwan's current legal policy and human rights conventions.