Quantum entanglement by a beam splitter analogous to laser mode transformation by a cylindrical lens

Abstract

Quantum entanglement by a beam splitter (BS) is shown to be analogous to laser mode transformation by an astigmatic mode converter (AMC). Schmidt decomposition is used to characterize the entanglement by an AMC for generating orbital angular momentum and by a BS for creating quantum photon interference. The probability distributions of Schmidt decomposition are calculated to manifest the sameness and difference betweenAMCand BS in generating entanglement. Finally, the theoretical patterns of mode transformations by an AMC are confirmed with experimental results to validate the present analysis. (C) 2021 Optical Society of America.