臺灣東北角潮間帶九孔養殖池池水水溫之監測分析

Abstract

本研究監測臺灣東北角潮間帶九孔（Haliotis diversicolor）養殖池池水以及週遭水域水溫的變化，為期一年（2010年7月至2011年7月），並進行分析。我們發現潮汐、颱風及養殖池構造是造成臺灣東北角潮間帶九孔養殖池池水產生大日溫差（最高可達攝氏8度）的主要原因。當低潮又適逢正午或午夜時，極端氣溫（夏季正午高溫、冬季子夜低溫）會大幅改變九孔養殖池池水溫度；滿潮時，池水溫度又受海水溫度影響再次改變，而產生較大日溫差。當颱風之路徑影響臺灣東部之海水環流時，東北角周遭水域之海水溫度會大幅下降，直接影響九孔養殖池池水溫度。此外，養殖池之設計（池水深度及池水水流交換率），也會影響池水日溫差的變化幅度。在春、秋兩季氣候不穩定時，九孔養殖池池水日溫差較大，可能直接影響九孔之存活率。In this study, we analyzed the ambient water temperatures of small abalone(Haliotis diversicolor), cultured in artificial intertidal pools in the coastal waters of northeastern Taiwan, all the year round (from July 2010 to June 2011). The tide cycle, typhoon and pool structure were the major factors that caused the largest diurnal variation of water temperature：(1) when the daily low tides occurred at or near midday or midnight, the pool water temperature changed drastically by extreme air temperature; (2) the pool water temperature decreased drastically due to the cool seawater driven by typhooninduced upper ocean cooling；(3) the pool structures decided the water exchange rate and influenced the diurnal variation of water temperature. The high diurnal range of water temperature in small abalone pool was frequently observed during the unstable climate periods of spring and fall, and might affect the survival rates of small abalone.