The updated checklist of marine fishes in the waters of South Penghu Marine National Park, Taiwan

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive survey of marine fish diversity within the South Penghu Marine National Park, Taiwan, conducted from 2017 to 2021. Utilizing visual stripe-transect methods, synthesis of existing literature, and rigorous taxonomic validation, we documented 572 marine fish species from 74 families, including one new and one and Epinephelidae dominated species richness. Spatial heterogeneity was evident, with Dongjiyu exhibiting the highest diversity (425 species). A substantial proportion of species (31.8%) were site-specific, highlighting habitat variability and the importance of maintaining connectivity. The increased species richness likely reflects the park's establishment in 2014, enhancing ecosystem recovery and protection. The park's role as a buffer against environmental disturbances, such as cold-water events, emphasizes its importance in safeguarding biodiversity. This study provides an updated baseline for ichthyological resources, informing conservation and management strategies for this valuable marine ecosystem.